女性垂体促性腺激素糖基化修饰的含量及作用机制研究进展

Study on development of female pituitary gonadotrophin glycosylation content and its mechanism

卵泡刺激素(FSH)和黄体生成素(LH)在正常女性生理周期中的含量变化呈现一定的波动性,并且其肽链末端糖基(唾液酸以及磺化乙酰半乳糖胺)的含量也相对出现一些变化。现已明确,这两种激素上的唾液酸和磺化乙酰半乳糖胺均是在蛋白合成之后,由半乳糖转移酶和乙酰半乳糖胺转移酶在FSH及LH的肽链末端通过天门冬氨酸残基诱导形成。由于这两种酶对FSH及LH的相对活性不同,使得FSH的性质主要受唾液酸影响,而LH则主要受磺化乙酰半乳糖胺影响。这两种糖基也通过不同的机制影响着女性垂体促性腺激素的半衰期、酸碱性、稳定性等性质,并通过下游的信号通路对后面的性激素合成等带来改变。

The contents of FSH and LH show a certain degree of volatility in normal menstrual cycle,while the contents of sialic acids and sulfonated N-acetylgalactosamine also show fluctuant changes.Now the scientific research has proved that sialic acids and sulfonated N-acetylgalactosamine are synthesized by β1 4galactosyltransferase and β1-4GalNAc-transferase though aspartic acid induction at the end of peptide chain of FSH and LH after the peptides synthesis of the two hormones.As the relative activity of the two enzymes on FSH and LH is different,the nature of FSH is mainly influenced by sialic acid and LH by the sulfonated acetyl-galactosamine.Therefore the glycosyls influence the properties of hormones such as half-life,stability through different mechanism.They also bring some changes in the synthesis of sex hormone through the downstream signal pathway.