播期对红花生长发育、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Sowing Dates on Growth,Yield and Quality of Carthamus tinctorius

根据河南地区常见茬口时间,设置3个秋播处理(10月1日、10月21日、11月10日)和1个春播处理(次年3月20日),田间观测不同播期红花农艺性状并测定红花中羟基红花黄色素A和山奈素的含量,研究播期对红花生长发育、产量及品质的影响,为红花在河南省的规范化栽培及耕作制度的建立提供理论依据。结果表明,不同播期对红花生长发育的促进作用表现为10月1日>10月21日>11月10日>3月20日,红花的株高、总分枝数、一级分枝数、二级分枝数、单株花丝产量随播期推迟均呈下降趋势。不同播期红花种子产量表现为10月1日(2 770.25 kg/hm^2)>10月21日(2 390.95 kg/hm^2)>11月10日(1 373.65 kg/hm^2)>3月20日(1 252.90 kg/hm^2);红花花丝产量表现为10月1日(787.80 kg/hm^2)>10月21日(385.05 kg/hm^2)>11月10日(286.80kg/hm^2)>3月20日(253.95 kg/hm^2);山奈素含量表现为10月1日(0.074 7%)>10月21日(0.073 7%)>3月20日(0.052 7%)>11月10日(0.045 0%)。因此,在茬口允许的情况下,河南省栽培红花应尽量选择秋播,以10月1日播种为宜,综合效益高。

According to the common crop time in Henan region,three sowing dates(October 1,October21,November 10) and one spring seeding processing(March 20 of the next year) were set up,the effects of sowing dates on growth,yield and quality of Carthamus tinctorius were studied through observation of the agronomic traits and determination of chemical composition,so as to provide theoretical guidance for standardized calvivation and establishment of the farming system of C.tinctorius in Henan province.The results showed that the growth of C.tinctorius in different seeding dates were October 1>October 21>November 10>March 20 of the next year;the plant height,total branch number,primary branch number,secondary branch number,filaments quality per plant of C.tinctorius decreased with the sowing date delaying.The seed production of C.tinctorius in different seeding dates showed that October 1(2 770.25 kg/ha)>October 21(2 390.95 kg/ha)>November 10(1 373.65 kg/ha)>March 20 of the next year(1 252.90 kg/ha).The filaments production of C.tinctorius in different seeding dates showed that October 1(787.80 kg/ha)>October 21(385.05 kg/ha)>November 10(286.80 kg/ha)>March 20 of the next year(253.95 kg/ha).The content of kaempferol in different seeding dates showed that October1(0.074 7%)>October 21(0.073 7%)>March 20 of the next year(0.052 7%)>November 10(0.045 0%).Therefore,in the case of crops rotation allowed,as far as possibly choosing autumn seeding in Henan province.The most suitable seeding date was on October 1,which had the high comprehensive benefit.