小麦水分高效利用分子育种研究进展

Advances in Molecular Breeding of Drought Resistance and High Water Use Efficiency in Wheat

干旱缺水是引起全球作物减产的主要自然灾害。小麦水分高效利用遗传改良是一个重大课题。本文对小麦水分高效利用分子标记、功能基因克隆鉴定、转基因、分子设计育种等方面的国内外研究进展进行了综述。在小麦中已经鉴定出A组染色体上存在控制水分利用效率的QTL;开发出与TaSAP1等基因紧密连锁的功能标记;克隆了转录因子基因TaWRKY并对其抗旱抗逆功能进行了鉴定;转HVA1和DREB等基因的小麦可以明显提高水分高效利用能力;利用水旱地品种进行轮回杂交结合分子标记辅助选择育种技术进行了小麦水分高效利用分子设计育种初探。以上研究进展为小麦水分高效利用遗传改良提供了理论依据和技术支撑。

Drought and water shortage are the main natural disasters that affect the production of crop, such as wheat,in the world. It is an important subject to carry out genetic improvement of drought re-sistance and WUE（water use efficiency） in wheat. In this paper,by combining with the latest research progress world widely,research progresses including quantitative trait loci mapping, functional genes, transgenic breeding and molecular design breeding associated with wheat drought resistance and WUE were reviewed. Some QTLs for different kinds of WUE were mapped on A genome. The molecular markers linked to TaSAPl were used for wheat breeding. T aWR K Y was transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana ,which increased drought resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana . The transgenic HVAi and DREB lines had significantly higher WUE. Rotational crossing with marker assisted selection was used for genetic improvement of drought resistance and WUE in wheat. All of these research results provide important support for wheat breeding of drought resistance and high WUE.