四川小麦分蘖冗余及理想群体构成研究

Tiller Redundancy and Ideal Population of Winter Wheat in Sichuan Province

为探究四川小麦分蘖冗余及理想群体构成,以5个典型冬小麦品种为材料,在分蘖始期至拔节期每2d剪一次分蘖,设置3个处理[仅保留主茎,剪除所有分蘖(B0);保留主茎和1个大分蘖(B1);保留主茎和2个大分蘖(B2);不剪分蘖(CK)],对成熟期小麦株高、穗部性状和单株产量进行调查分析。结果表明,5个品种间各性状对剪除分蘖的反应表现较一致。单株穗数以B0处理最低(1.00穗),B1、B2和CK处理单株穗数在同一水平(1.96~1.98穗);B0处理下穗粒数(49.5粒)、千粒重(53.2g)、穗长(11.3cm)、有效小穗数(17.7个)较CK显著增加,但株高(86.5cm)和单株产量(2.54g)均最低;B2处理的单株产量(4.27g)介于B1(4.39g)和CK(4.13g)之间,但与二者差异均不显著;B1处理下株高(88.1cm)适中,主茎和分蘖的穗长(11.0、10.6cm)增加,有效小穗数(17.8、16.4个)增多,最终主茎和分蘖的穗粒数(47.4、39.5粒)显著高于B2(44.2、34.7粒)和CK(43.8、36.0粒),主茎和分蘖的千粒重(50.7、52.5g)略高于B2(50.3、50.9g)和CK(49.6、51.3g),穗数、穗粒数、千粒重协调,单株产量(4.39g)最高。因此认为,保留主茎1个分蘖处理消除了冗余分蘖对资源的浪费,减少了内耗,是四川小麦优质、低耗、高产的最佳茎蘖组合。

In order to explore the tiller redundancy and ideal population of winter wheat in Sichuan province,five representative wheat cultivars were selected and the tillers were clipped from the begin-ning of tillering to jointing stage every two days. The plants were subjected to three treatments： the main stem was remained,clipping all tillers （B0 ）;the main stem and the biggest tiller were remained, clipping other tillers （B1）; and the main stem and two biggest tillers were remained, clipping other tillers （B2）. The undisturbed plants were considered the controls （CK）. Characters at maturity were measured,and the results showed that the trend of five cultivars was consistent. Number of spikes per plant was the least under treatment B0 （1. 00 spike） , compared with those at the same level under the treatments Bl and B2 and CK （1. 96 - 1. 98 spikes） ; treatment B0 had a higher level than CK in grain number per spike （49. 5 grains） ,1 000-grain weight （53. 2 g） ,ear length （11. 3 cm） and fructification of spike （17. 7 spikelets） on average,with significant difference,but plant height （86. 5 cm） and grain yield per plant （2. 54 g） were the least for B〇 treatment; the yield under treatment B2 （4. 27 g） was lower than that of B1 （4. 39 g） but higher than that of CK （4. 13 g） , without significant difference; the plant height under treatment B1 （88. 1 cm） was medium; higher ear length （11.0 cm for main stem and 10. 6 cm for tiller） and fructification of spike （17. 8 and 16. 4 spikelets for main stem and till-er ,respectively） under treatment B1 have been detected; grain number per spike of B1 （47. 4 and 39. 5 grains for main stem and ti ller,respectively） were higher than those of B2 （44. 2 and 34. 7 grains for main stem and tiller,respectively） and CK （43. 8 and 36. 0 grains for main stem and tiller,respective-ly） ,and 1 000-grain weight of B1 （50. 7 and 52. 5 g for main stem and tiller, respectively） were also higher than those of B2 （50. 3,50. 9 g） and CK （49. 6,51. 3 g） with significant difference; meanwhile, B1 had the highest grain yield per plant （4. 39 g）. It could be concluded that treatment B1 eliminated waste of resources from redundant tillers and reduce internal friction,which is the ideal population of winter wheat in Sichuan province.