从库区管理到流域治理:三峡库区水环境管理的战略转变

From Reservoir Management to Watershed Management:Strategic Choice of Water Environment Management in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

三峡库区是水土保持生态功能区,但后三峡时期三峡库区水环境安全面临严峻的挑战,而狭隘的库区管理模式已经无法适应库区水环境保护和改善的新要求,需要实现"从库区管理到流域治理"的战略转变。应从流域发展视角调整三峡库区生态保护和水源涵养区的范围,探索构建三峡库区复合生态系统保护区;要设立三峡库区(流域)环境保护分支机构,逐步建立"五维一体"的多层次生态补偿体系;同时,要注意对各种政策的融合和创新,实现各部门、各区域的协同治理,并积极实施五大工程,为库区可持续发展提供智力支持。

Three Gorges Reservoir area is the ecological function zone for water and soil conservation,however,the water environment safety after Three Gorges Reservoir Project faces serious challenge because the tight reservoir area management mode can not meet the new requirement for water environment conservation and improvement of the reservoir area,as a result,the strategic choice from ＂reservoir management to watershed management ＂is needed.China should use watershed development perspective to adjust the ecological protection and water conservation zone scope in Three Gorges Reservoir area,explore the construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area compound ecosystem protection areas,establish Three Gorges Reservoir Area（basin） environmental protection branch,gradually set up multi-level ecological compensation mechanism in five-dimension,meanwhile,pay attention to the integration and innovation of all policies to realize coordinated management of all departments and all zones and actively implement five projects to provide intellectual support for the sustainable development in Three Gorges Reservoir area.