油菜秸秆全量还田减钾栽培对杂交稻分蘖及产量的影响

Effect of Total Rape Straw Returning with Reduced Potassium Fertilizer on Tiller and Yield of Hybrid Rice

为了明确川东北紫色土稻区油菜秸秆全量还田减钾栽培杂交稻的可行性,以10个杂交稻品种为材料进行田间试验,在油菜秸秆全量还田条件下,探讨3个施钾(K2O)量处理[处理1:高钾(135.0 kg/hm^2),为当地生产上的常规施钾量;处理2:低钾(67.5 kg/hm^2);处理3:不施钾]对油菜茬杂交稻分蘖及产量的影响。结果表明,在3个施钾量处理下,参试杂交稻品种茎蘖数无显著差异;成穗率、产量及其构成因素仅个别品种存在显著差异,大多品种无显著差异。不同杂交稻品种产量对施钾的反应表现为:在低钾和不施钾处理下,有7个品种的产量与高钾处理差异不显著,有2个品种(F优498和内5优H25)不施钾处理、低钾处理的产量极显著低于高钾处理10.31%、4.53%和7.79%、4.29%,有1个品种(旌3优177)不施钾处理、低钾处理的产量极显著高于高钾处理5.28%、3.61%,10个杂交稻品种的平均产量在3个施钾量处理之间无显著差异。表明在川东北紫色土稻区采用油菜秸秆全量还田减钾栽培杂交稻总体可行。

In order to define the feasibility of cultivation of hybrid rice under rape straw returning with reduced potassium fertilizer in northeast Sichuan,field experiment was carried out with 10 hybrid rice varieties as materials.Under the condition of rape straw returned to field,the effect of 3 potassium fertilizer（K2O） treatments[treatment 1： high K（135. 0 kg/ha）,which was the local potassium amount,treatment2： low K（67. 5 kg/ha） and treatment 3： no K（0 kg/ha） ]on the tiller and yield of hybrid rice. The results showed that,under the three treatments of potassium fertilizer,there was no significant difference in the tiller number; only a few varieties had significant differences in the spike rate,yield and yield composition factors,most varieties had no significant difference. The reaction of different varieties to potassium application was as follows： under no K and low K treatments,there was no significant difference in the yield of 7 varieties with high K treatment; the yield of the 2 varieties（FYou498 and Nei5 You H25）were significantly lower than that of the high K treatment,decreased by 10. 31%,4. 53% and 7. 79%,4. 29% respectively; the yield of 1 variety（Jing3You177） was significantly higher than that of the high K treatment with increase rate of 5. 28% and 3. 61%; the average yield of 10 hybrid rice varieties had no significant difference between the 3 treatments. The above results indicated that hybrid rice could becultivated under rape straw returning with reduced potassium fertilizer in northeast Sichuan.