烟蚜早春寄主转换规律研究

Studies on Host Conversion Regularity of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in Early Spring

为明确河南省豫中烟区烟蚜早春寄主转换规律,测试了早春油菜、播娘蒿、枸杞、桃树及烟草等5种不同越冬寄主植物上烟蚜在烟草上的发育历期和繁殖力等,获得了净增殖率、周限增长率、内禀增长率、平均世代周期、种群加倍时间等主要生命表参数,分析比较了不同来源烟蚜在烟草上的扩繁速率和平均产仔量。结果显示,不同来源蚜虫发育历期为桃树(14.820 d)>枸杞(14.507 d)>烟草(14.483 d)>油菜(14.481 d)>播娘蒿(14.220 d),平均产仔量为桃树(108头)>播娘蒿(62头)>枸杞(57头)>烟草(34头)>油菜(32头),内禀增长率为桃树(0.247)>枸杞(0.227)>播娘蒿(0.221)>油菜(0.183)>烟草(0.169),表明相同条件下,来源于桃树上的蚜虫在烟草上种群增长速度快,其适应力、繁殖力强。豫中烟区烟蚜主要在桃树、播娘蒿及枸杞上越冬,早春在有翅蚜大量形成前,对烟蚜主要越冬寄主桃树及烟田周边枸杞、播娘蒿等杂草实施统一防蚜,是控制烟草蚜虫危害的关键。

In order to verify the early spring host conversion regularity of Myzus persicae in the central tobacco growing area of Henan province,the developmental duration and fecundity of Myzus persicae on tobacco from five kinds of overwintering host plants（rape,Descurainia sophia,Chinese wolfberry,peach and tobacco） were studied. Meanwhile,we got the innate capacity for increase（rm） and other major life table parameters,and compared the propagation rate and the average fecundity of the five different sources of Myzus persicae on tobacco. The results showed that the developmental duration of Myzus persicae on tobacco was peach（14. 820 d）〉 Chinese wolfberry（14. 507 d） 〉tobacco（14. 483 d） 〉rape（14. 481 d） 〉Descurainia sophia（14. 220 d）. The average reproduction of Myzus persicae on tobacco was peach（108） 〉Descurainia sophia（62）〉 Chinese wolfberry（57） 〉tobacco（34） 〉rape（32）; rm was peach（0. 247）〉 Chinese wolfberry（0. 227） 〉Descurainia sophia（0. 221） 〉rape（0. 183）〉 tobacco（0. 169）. Analysis of these results showed that under the same conditions,Myzus persicae from peach had fastest population growth rate,highest reproduction and adaptable ability on tobacco. In conclusion,peach,Descurainia sophia and Chinese wolfberry were the main overwintering hosts of Myzus persicae in the central tobacco growing area of Henan province,on which prevention of the aphids around the tobacco field before themass formation of alatae in the early spring was the key to control the damage of Myzus persicae.