黄籽沙逊与黄籽埃塞俄比亚芥种间杂种的鉴定

Identification of Interspecific Hybrid between Yellow Sarson and Yellow Seeded Ethiopian Mustard

为了把黄籽沙逊的黄籽性状同埃塞俄比亚芥菜的优良特性相结合,在对黄籽沙逊和黄籽埃塞俄比亚芥菜种间远缘杂交的基础上,开展了对种间杂种的形态鉴定、染色体倍性检测、根尖染色体制片和分子标记鉴定研究。形态学鉴定结果表明,黄籽沙逊和埃塞俄比亚芥菜真杂种外观明显不同于其父母本,处于中间类型,更多偏向于父本黄籽埃塞俄比亚芥。总共对11株黄籽沙逊与黄籽埃塞俄比亚芥菜种间杂种后代的倍性进行了检测,流式细胞仪分析结果表明,阳性植株DNA相对含量(主峰位置125)明显小于对照黄籽埃塞俄比亚芥DNA相对含量(主峰位置200),大于亲本黄籽沙逊DNA相对含量(主峰位置75)。细胞学鉴定结果表明,真杂种植株染色体为27条,为黄籽沙逊(AA,2n=20)和黄籽埃塞俄比亚芥菜(BBCC,2n=34)的单倍体染色体相加之和。分子标记鉴定结果表明,真杂种既有父本也有母本的特异性条带。以上均证实了所获得种间杂种的真实性,其包含了双亲中的遗传信息。所获得的含有芸薹属A、B和C 3个亚基因组的种间杂种可作为育种的中间材料应用到甘蓝型油菜的遗传育种研究,具有重要的理论和实践意义。

In order to combine the yellow seed trait of Yellow Sarson with the fine features of Ethiopian mustard,on the basis of interspecific hybridization experiment between Yellow Sarson and yellow seeded Ethiopian mustard,this study carried out morphological identification,chromosome ploidy detection,slide preparation of chromosomes from root tip cells and molecular marker identification for interspecific hybrids. Morphological identification results of hybrid progeny showed that interspecific hybrids between Yellow Sarson and Ethiopia mustard were very different from their parents and belonged to the middle type in appearance,which were more like the maleparent. The results of ploidy analysis by flow cytometry showed that the peak value of positive plants was 125,which was significantly smaller than the main peak of Ethiopia mustard（200）,and bigger than the main peak of Yellow Sarson（75）. Cytology identification results showed that the real hybrid plants contained 27 chromosomes,which was the sum of the haploid chromosomes number of the Yellow Sarson（AA,2n = 20） and Ethiopia mustard（BBCC,2n = 34）. Molec-ular markers identification results showed that true hybrids had specific bands of both male and female parents. The results above indicated that the hybrids were real interspecific hybrids,which contained genetic information from both parents. The created hybrids containing the three subgenomes（A,B and C） of Brassica can be used as intermediate breeding materials for application in genetic breeding research of Brassica napus,which has important theoretical and practical significance.