语言、世界与超越——《逻辑哲学论》与道家语言哲学对比

Language,World and Transcendence:A Contrastive Study on Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and the Language Philosophy of Taoism

《逻辑哲学论》与道家在语言、世界与超越三大论题上存在交汇,但貌合神离处多于契合处。首先,前者的"可道"与"不可道"有明确界限,后者则没有;其次,前者划分经验与超验两个世界,后者则在一个世界(现实世界)内区分"器"与"道"两个层面;再次,前者的主体是两个世界的界限,后者的主体隐遁于"道";最后,前者的"超越"在世界之外,而后者在世界之内,在伦常日用中。两种哲学乃出于东西各异的哲学传统,因此上述差异可与中西哲学的特质互释。

Tractatus hogico- Philosophicusand Taoism converge at the themes of language, world andtranscendence. However, they involve these themes in a different way , thus diverging in the followingfour aspects： Firstly , the former draws a definite line between the effable and the ineffable, while the latter doesn’t. Secondly, the former presupposes two worlds： the world of facts and the other world beyond facts, while the latter is only based on the world of facts in which there exist two Tao. Thirdly, the subject of the former is the boundary between two worlds, while the subject of the latter dissolves himself in the pursuit of Tao. Finally, the transcendence of the former is beyond the world, while that of the latter is within the world （in daily life）. These two philosopdifferent traditions of philosophy, so their differences can be explained by the different features of Chinese and Western philosophy.