初中级汉语口语教材中的“称赞—应答”言语行为研究

Study on Compliment-response Behaviors in Primary and Middle Level of Oral Chinese Textbooks

以国内广泛使用的三套汉语口语系列教材为样本,考察初中级汉语口语教材中"称赞—应答"言语行为的设计与编写,发现:称赞语主题涉及最多的是才华技能,最少的是身材外貌,体现了中国文化中的"重才轻色";称赞应答语多采用否定策略,体现了中国文化中的"谦虚谨慎"。通过分析教材,建议从"称赞语应兼顾典型性和独特性,应包含一定的文化色彩","应答语的选择可因人而异、与时俱进","同一主题的言语行为应螺旋式上升编排"和"提供必要的元语用信息"等方面提高"称赞—应答"言语行为编写的科学性和全面性。

Three sets of oral Chinese textbooks widely used in China were used as the samples to investigate the design and preparation of compliment-response behaviors in primary and middle level of oral Chinese textbooks.The results show that the most common topics of compliment theme are listeners'talents and skills,and the most unusual topics are listeners'figures and appearances.It means that people's talent and skill are more important than figure and appearance in Chinese culture.Reponses to compliments use refusal strategies mostly,which reflects the importance of being modest and pruden in Chinese culture.Oral Chinese textbooks can improve their scientificalness and comprehensiveness of compliment-response behaviors in the following aspects:to give consideration to both typicality and uniqueness of compliment topics as well as certain cultural color;response selection may vary with each individual and advance with times;verbal behavior of the same topic should be arranged in the form of spiral escalation;to provide necessary pragmatic information.