借鉴国际经验改革中国农业支持政策

Reformation about China's Agricultural Support Policy by the Learning from Foreign Experience

发达国家已对农业支持政策进行重大调整,削减价格支持而转向不扭曲生产和贸易的其他支持,新的支持政策更加强调农民收入、风险管理、环境外部性和创新问题。中国现行以价格支持为主导的农业支持政策造成"高价格、高库存、高进口"等问题。2014年以来先后实行的棉花和大豆目标价格补贴、玉米生产者补贴等改革措施仍存在多重政策目标未能分离、政策间系统协同性缺乏、精准施策的能力不足等问题。尽快从最低收购价和临时收储政策造成的困境中走出来,提高农业质量、效率和竞争力,是农业供给侧结构性改革的重要内容。应在深入总结近两年相关改革实践和充分借鉴发达国家经验的基础上,尽快建立起以非价格支持为主导的新型农业支持政策体系。

Developed countries have already made great adjustment for their agricultural policy by eliminating market price support and shifting to less distortive policy,which emphasized more on farmer's income,risk management,environmental externality and innovation issues. Current price support policy of China aroused the problem of 'high price,high storage,and high import'. There are also some problems of new policy reformation after 2014 of target price subsidy for soybean and cotton and direct payment for corn producer,such as incompatible multiple objectives,uncoordinated policy system,insufficient capability to implement precise policy,etc.The main content of Agricultural Supply-side Reform is to raise agricultural quality,efficiency and competitiveness so as to get out of the dilemma resulting from minimum support price and purchase policy for temporary storage. It is necessary to establish new types of decoupled agricultural policy system by summarizing the recent reform practices and learning from experiences of developed countries.