唐前小说祝祷习俗考论

Study on Benediction Customs in Novels before Tang Dynasty

唐前小说的祝祷文,涉及不少古俗及民间风俗的描写。祝祷习俗的表现形式虽千差万别,目的都在于通过殷切的祈祷与神灵沟通,满足祝祷者的愿望,如祈晴重在祈求神灵止雨,祈福恳请保佑健康长寿平安富贵,诅咒则恳求神灵降灾于被诅者。祝祷可以是官方于宗庙等场合由专司此职的人员在隆重举行的祭典上宣告,也可以是个人发自内心虔诚的祈愿。不论采取哪种方式,其本质都是一种原始信仰,基本要素及理念在传统文化中都能找到原型,并被后世的诗歌、散文、小说、戏曲等文学作品所沿袭,有共同的渊源及发展的前后承袭关系。

Benediction in novels before Tang Dynasty involves many ancient customs and folk custom description.Although the forms of benediction customs vary in thousands of ways,the purpose is to communicate with the gods through the earnest prayers so as to realize people's desire,such as the prayer for clear sky,the prayer for stopping the storm,the prayer for health,longevity,peace and prosperity,but the curse is to curse someone with evil wishes.Benediction can be officially declared in the ancestral temple and other occasions by the personnel in charge,and it can also be personal from the bottom of heart.No matter which way it takes,its essence is a kind of primitive belief,and the prototype of basic elements and concepts can be found in traditional culture.They were followed by later poetry,prose,fiction,drama and other literary works,possessing the common origin and inherited relations of development.