国际航空客运签证告知义务的辨析与证成

Analysis and Justification of Obligation to Inform International Air Passenger of Visa Matters

依据国际民用航空公约和我国民用航空立法的规定,国际航空旅客出入境应具有合规的签证等有效证件并接受查验。航空承运人一方是否对旅客签证负有提醒或告知的附随义务,是旅客签证纠纷的争议焦点,但司法认定和学界均有不同的观点。笔者认为,航空承运人没有告知出境旅客签证事项的约定义务;准备有效签证应是出境旅客的法定附随义务;航空公司查验签证是否合规之目的是为避免自己利益受损,不应因此成为其附随义务的正当理由;旅客查询合格签证的要求并进行准备更具有针对性和可行性。

According to the provisions of international civil aviation convention and civil aviation law of the People’s Republic of China, international air passenger should have valid visas and accept the inspection while entering and exiting Chinese border. Whether air carrier is responsible to remind and inform travelers’ visas is a controversy focus of visa dispute, for which judicial and academic circles have different points of view. The authors argues that air carrier does not have agreed obligations of informing air passenger!s visa matters because preparing valid visa is the outgoing passengers＇legal accompanying obli-gations, that the purpose for airlines to check visa compliance is to avoid damaging their interests, which should not be the justification of their collateral obligation, and that it is more targeted and feasible for the passengers to query requirements for qualified visa and to prepare it during the practice.