冠状动脉多支病变病人临床特点及护理对策

Clinical characteristics of patients with coronary multi-vessel lesions and nursing countermeasure

目的探讨冠脉多支病变病人高效优质的护理措施。方法对冠脉多支病变的50例病人的冠状动脉介入治疗相关情况及护理对策进行分析。结果冠脉多支病变病人以老年(≥60岁占78%)、男性(70%)、伴有高血压病(58%)、伴随1种疾病(48%)多见;血管病变以弥漫性(60%)、3支血管病变(38%)多见;冠状动脉介入治疗手术时间≥60 min占60%,一次手术需植入支架数≥3枚占52%,术中心力衰竭、无复流、心跳慢合并血压低的发生率为2%,血流慢的发生率为4%,术后造影剂肾病及穿刺点出血的发生率均为6%;通过加强冠脉多支病变病人的术前病情控制、术中病情监测与急救、术后病情观察与并发症的预见性护理,能使病人得到及时救治。结论有效的掌握冠脉多支病变病人的临床特点,制定针对性的护理计划,可以顺利帮助病人度过危险期,预防并发症的发生,促进病人早日康复。

Objective To explore the effective nursing measures for patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease. Methods The coronary artery interventional therapy and nursing countermeasures of 50 patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease were ana-lyzed. Results Multi-vessel coronary disease were mostly seen in elderly patients （ over 60 years old accounted for 78% ） , male （70% ） ,with hypertension （58% ） ,with 1 kind of diseases （48% ） . Vascular lesions in the diffuse （60% ） ,3 vessel lesions （38% ） were common, coronary intervention operation time of over 60 minutes were accounted for 60%. 52% need more than 3 stents in the im-plantation surgery. The rate of heart failure, no reflow, slow heartbeat with low blood pressure and slow blood flow during surgery was 2% and 4%. Postoperative contrast nephropathy and puncture point bleeding incidence was 6 % . By strengthening the preoperative nursing care, intraoperative monitoring and emergency treatment, postoperative observation and complications, patients with multi-vessel coronary disease control can receive timely treatment. Conclusion Mastering the clinical characteristics of patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease and developing targeted nursing plan can help patients pass through the dangerous period, prevent the occurrence of complications, and promote the early recovery of patients.