一株野生花脸香蘑的生物学特性及其栽培

Biological Characteristics and Cultivation of a Wild-type Lepista sordida Strain

从采集自云南省临沧市的野生子实体上分离纯化获得菌株YAASM4210,采用形态学法结合ITS序列分子法鉴定为花脸香蘑(Lepista sordida)。对该菌株生物学特性进行研究并对其栽培料进行筛选。试验结果表明:该菌株菌丝生长的最适温度、培养基pH、光照条件、碳源和氮源分别为25℃、6.0~7.0、黑纸包裹、可溶性淀粉和蛋白胨。该菌株在4号配方培养料(40%新鲜牛粪,20%草坪粉,20%米糠,18%木屑,1%蔗糖和1%石膏)上生长优于其它参试培养料:菌丝萌发(2d)、封口(12d)、满袋(40d)以及子实体的采收(9d)均用时最短,头潮菇产量最高(每袋21.1g),但覆土后出菇时间(42d)最长。相对于野生子实体,人工栽培子实体菌盖的紫色减弱,采收后紫色消失较快。

Fungal mycelium isolated from a mushroom fruit body collected from the wild near Lincang City,Yunnan Province,was identified to be a strain of Lepista sordida,which was designated YAASM4210 based on sporophore morphology and ITS sequence analysis of mycelial DNA.YAASM4210 grew well at 25℃ over the pH range 6.0to 7.0and,of several compounds tested,the most effective carbon and nitrogen sources were soluble starch and peptone,respectively. Visible mycelial growth following inoculation of the cultivation substrate occurred most rapidly(after 2d),the times from inoculation to full colonization of the surface and the entire bulk of the substrate were shortest(12dand 40 d,respectively),on a cultivation substrate(pH unadjusted)consisting of 40% cow dung,20% lawn grass,20% rice bran,18% sawdust,1%sucrose and 1% gypsum.This substrate formula also gave rise to the highest number of fruit bodies within the shortest harvesting time(9d),and the maximal mushroom yield per bag(21.1g).The aroma and the purple color of the cultivated fruit body pilei were more delicate and lighter,respectively compared to fruit bodies collected from the wild.