我国农村教师队伍建设的政策导向与问题反思

The Policy Orientation of Chinese Rural Teachers and Reflective Thinking

近年来,在我国实现教育公平以及城乡均衡发展的主题下,中央及地方颁布了一系列有关促进农村教师队伍建设的政策文件。通过文件分析法(documental analysis),对已有相关政策的归纳与分析发现,我国农村教师队伍建设政策主要以分配正义论为价值原则,并以功利性和实用性为政策导向,这为稳定和促进农村教师队伍的发展起到了一定作用。然而,"招不到""留不住"农村教师的问题仍然阻碍着农村教育的发展。建议政策制定应进一步关注多元正义论,并考虑教师的精神性价值维度,通过重塑农村教师的职业认同、关注其情感需求给予农村教师内在精神支持。最终,将外在物质帮助与内在精神支持有效结合,发挥政策应有的实效性。

In order to realize the educational equity and 'the balanced development between city and countryside',a series of policies on promoting the construction of the rural teacher team have been issued from the central government to the local ones in recent years. The result of documental analyses shows that the policies on promoting the construction of the rural teacher team are mainly based on the principle of distributive justice and directed by utility,and that they,to some degree,have stabilized rural teachers and boosted their development. However,very few people like to teach in the countryside and stay there all their lives,which has hindered the development of rural education. It holds that the theory of plural justice and the spiritual values of teachers should be taken into consideration in policy making,and that the spiritual support should be given to rural teachers by remolding their professional identities and giving attention to their emotional needs.Finally,material help must be integrated with spiritual support so that policy can achieve its effectiveness.