专家型与新手型教师的对比研究综述

A Comparative Study of Expert Teachers and Novice Teachers

专家型教师和新手型教师的概念界定以专家型教师教学专长的理论研究为基础,以斯腾伯格的界定最具代表性。国内外针对专家型与新手型教师的差异研究主要集中在教学行为、教学策略与问题解决等方面。已有研究成果为教师专长发展提供了借鉴,包括加强新手型教师的外部理论培训、鼓励新手型教师的反思、为新手型教师提供相应的外部支持。当前研究的不足之处在于新手型教师和专家型教师之间存在研究断层。探索熟手型教师的转型路径、缩短新手型教师成长的周期,重视课例研修,在教学专长发展中开展反思性实践是未来研究的主要方向。

The concept of expert teachers and novice teachers is based on the theoretical research of expert teachers' teaching expertise,and Sternberg's definition is the most representative one. In order to solve this abstract definition,the operational definition is often proposed in actual researches. Domestic and foreign researches on the differences between expert teachers and novice teachers mainly focus on teaching behavior,teaching strategies and problem solving. The available researches provide reference for the development of novice teachers' specialty,including strengthening their theoretical training,encouraging them to rethink on their teaching and giving strong backing to them. The deficiency of the current researches is that there is discontinuity in researches on novice teachers and expert teachers. Exploring the transitional path for proficient teachers,shortening the growth cycle of novice teachers,paying attention to class research and developing reflective practice are the main orientations in future researches.