加强生物医学工程专业本科生放射防护教学课程的探讨

Study on strengthening the teaching curriculum of radiation protection for biomedical engineering undergraduate

目的:探讨生物医学工程专业本科生临床教学中改革构建医用放射防护课程体系,提出放射防护教学的知识要点、授课模式及方法。方法:根据国家相关法律法规标准,分析目前生物医学工程专业本科生放射防护教学存在问题,以及医疗实践中放射防护不当造成的危害;结合X射线诊断学、介入放射学、放射治疗以及核医学等专业的防护特点,提取生物医学工程专业本科生放射防护教学的知识要点生成课程体系,在课程设置中增加放射防护教学内容。结果:根据电离辐射在医学中不同应用的特点,以及生物医学工程专业毕业生在医院所从事工作的特点,经过培训,学生和从业人员对放射防护的知晓率从34.88%~51.38%增加到87.55%~91.63%。培训后的放射工作人员受到职业照射的人均年有效剂量从(0.98±0.08)m Sv降低到(0.53±0.09)m Sv。结论:加强生物医学工程专业本科生的放射防护课程必要性,是临床教学知识体系的重要内容。学生掌握放射防护的基本知识并正确运用在医疗、教学及科研实践中,对避免受检者及放射工作人员受到不必要的电离辐射具有重要意义。

Objective： To explore the construction of medical radiation protection curriculum system in clinical teaching of biomedical engineering undergraduate, and put forward the knowledge points, teaching mode and method of radiation protection education. Methods： According to the relevant national laws and regulations, to analyze the problems existing in the teaching of radiation protection for biomedical engineering undergraduate and the harm caused by improper radiological protection in medical practice. Combining with the protection features of X ray diagnostics, interventional radiology, radiation therapy and nuclear medicine, to extract the main points of knowledge of radiation protection teaching for biomedical engineering undergraduates and then create the curriculum system, besides, add radiation protection teaching content in this curriculum system. Results： According to the characteristics of the different application of ionizing radiation and the work of Biomedical engineering graduates in hospitals, awareness rate of radiation protection for students and practitioners increased from 34.88%-51.38% to 87.55%-91.63% and the annual average effective dose of occupational exposure for radiologic staffs reduced from（0.98±0.08）m Sv to（0.53±0.09）m Sv after relevant training. Conclusion： Strengthening the radiation protection course for undergraduate majoring in biomedical engineering is an important part of clinical teaching knowledge system. It is great significance that students masters the basic knowledge of radiation protection and apply protective measures in medical treatment, teaching and scientific research, so as to avoid unnecessary ionizing radiation.