深圳市企业环境、健康和安全管理人员职业健康监护促进专项工作效果评估

Effectiveness evaluation of occupational health surveillance promotion special project for enterprise environment,health and safety managers in Shenzhen City

目的评估针对企业环境、健康和安全(EHS)管理人员的职业健康监护促进专项工作的效果,从而为制定更加有效的干预措施提供理论依据。方法选择深圳市60家企业的106名EHS管理人员作为干预对象,对其开展为期6个月的、以集中授课为主的职业健康监护促进专项工作,并在干预前后以问卷调查、实地调研的方式,对相关指标进行评估。结果干预后,EHS管理人员职业健康监护法律规章、职业健康监护基础理论、常见职业病危害因素健康危害及防护措施知识的知晓率均明显高于干预前。干预后,除"定期维护职业病防护设备和用品"外,采取其他各种职业病防护行为的EHS管理人员比例(33.9%~89.62%)均明显高于干预前(20.75%~78.30%),干预前后的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。干预后,用人单位上岗前、在岗期间和离岗时检查、复查、目标疾病人员调离等职业健康监护关键指标的完成率均明显高于干预前(P<0.01)。结论针对EHS管理人员的职业健康监护促进专项工作能明显提高其相关知识的知晓率,采取职业病防护行为的人员比例有显著增加。从关键指标来看,用人单位职业健康监护工作也有了明显进步。同时,为规范用人单位职业健康监护档案的建立和管理,应加强对其现场指导。

[Objective]To evaluate the effectiveness of occupational health surveillance promotion special project for enterprise e environment,health and safety（EHS）managers,provide theoretical basis for the formulation of more effective intervention measures.[Methods]106 EHS managers from 60 enterprises in Shenzhen City were selected as intervention objects,and were given the occupational health surveillance promotion special project（mainly intensive classes） for six months. The related indexes were evaluated by questionnaire survey and field research before and after intervention. [Results]The awareness rates of occupational health surveillance laws and regulations,occupational health surveillance basic theory and health damages and safeguard procedures for common occupational hazard factors of EHS managers all significantly increased after the intervention. Except regular maintenance for occupational disease protective equipment and articles,the proportions of EHS managers who adopted the proper occupational disease protective behaviors after the intervention（33.9%-89.62%）were higher than those before the intervention（20.75%-78.30%）,and the differences were statistically significant between before and after the intervention（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. The complete rates of key indexes for occupational health surveillance,such as pre-service health examination,on-service health examination,dimission health examination,reexamination and transferring of worker with target disease,were all significantly increased after the intervention（P〈0.01）. [Conclusion]The occupational health surveillance promotion special project for EHS managers can significantly elevate awareness rates of related knowledge,and the proportions of EHS managers who adopted the occupational disease protective behaviors have remarkably increased. As for key indexes,occupational health surveillance in enterprises has obviously improved. Meanwhile,site guidance for enterprises should be enhanced in order in order to regulate the establishment and management for occupational health surveillance archives.