早期综合社区护理干预对上海市泥城社区0级糖尿病足患者的效果

Effect of early comprehensive community nursing intervention to zero-level diabetic foot patients in Nicheng Community of Shanghai

目的了解社区0级糖尿病足患者对足部护理知识与行为的掌握情况及简易足部筛查情况,观察早期综合社区护理干预对0级糖尿病足患者的效果。方法通过随机数字表将200例0级糖尿病足患者分为干预组及对照组各100例,2组对象均参加常规教育,干预组在常规教育的基础上予以糖尿病足相关知识讲座,并严格跟踪随访6个月。干预前后进行一般资料及糖尿病足部护理知识与行为调查、尼龙单丝10点检查、音叉震动觉检查、密歇根糖尿病神经病变筛查及足背动脉检查,观察早期综合社区护理干预效果。结果干预组在实施干预措施后,对糖尿病足的护理知识与行为得分均高于对照组(均P<0.05);糖化血红蛋白控制[(7.07±1.23)mmol/L]优于对照组[(7.91±1.22)mmol/L](均P<0.05);尼龙丝10点检查、密歇根糖尿病神经病变筛查均有不同程度好转(均P<0.05)。结论通过对社区0级糖尿病足患者实施早期综合足部护理干预,能有效提高他们对足部护理知识及行为的掌握,使其养成良好生活习惯,预防糖尿病足的发生。

[Objective] To know the mastery level of foot-care knowledge and behavior in zero-level diabetic foot patients in community, understand the status of simple foot screening, and observe the effect of comprehensive community nursing intervention.[Methods]200 patients who suffer from zero-level diabetic foot into were equally divided into the intervention group and the control group by using the random number table. Two groups both received the conventional education,while the intervention group was given the related lectures of diabetic foot on the basis of conventional education,and patients were followed up for 6 months rigorously. Before and after the intervention,the patients received the surveys on general information and diabetes and foot care knowledge and behavior,nylon monofilament 10 points check,tuning fork vibration sense check,Michigan neuropathy screening and dorsalartery check,to observe the effect of comprehensive community nursing intervention.[Results]After the intervention,the scores of knowledge and behavior on diabetic foot care in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group significantly（P〈0.05）. The glycosylated hemoglobin control（7.07±1.23）mmol/L in the intervention group were better than that in the control group（7.91±1.22）mmol/L significantly（P〈0.05）. The results of nylon monofilament 10 points check and Michigan neuropathy screening improved（P〈0.05）.[Conclusion]The early comprehensive foot-care intervention can improve the mastery level of foot-care knowledge and behavior of zero-level diabetic foot patients in community,promote them develop good daily habits and effectively prevent the diabetic foot.