2013—2016年沈阳市某陶瓷厂新发尘肺工人肺功能调查与分析

Investigation and analysis on pulmonary function among workers with newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis in a ceramics factory of Shenyang City from 2013-2016

目的对2013—2016年沈阳市某陶瓷厂新发尘肺工人肺功能调查与分析,为尘肺防护提供依据。方法回顾2013年8月—2016年2月沈阳某陶瓷厂接尘作业工人,确诊新发尘肺工人282例,尘肺壹期158例,贰期88例,叁期36例。随机分为两组,观察组141例,对照组141例。观察组:加强个人防护、增加营养、增强锻炼、加大宣传预防知识;对照组保持原工作状态不变。分别记录两组尘肺工人的肺功能,用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_1),第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值(FEV_1%),最大呼气流量(PEF)。结果新发尘肺工人工龄为5~10年的发病例数(39.4%)最多,其次是工龄<5年的(22.7%)。壹期尘肺工人的工龄最长(13.5±9.7)a。壹期矽肺工人FVC、FEV_1、FEV_1%、PEF均明显高于贰期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。贰期矽肺工人FVC、FEV_1、FEV_1%、PEF均明显高于叁期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组肺功能FVC、FEV_1、FEV_1%、PEF均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论加强职业病制度监管,提高用人单位的自觉性和工作者的自我防范意识,增强抵抗力,良好的生活习惯减少呼吸道感染,定期进行健康检查,降低粉尘对工人的危害。

[Objective]To investigate and analyze the pulmonary function among workers with newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis in a ceramics factory of Shenyang City from 2013-2016,provide the basis for pneumoconiosis prevention. [Methods]The dustexposed workers in a ceramics factory of Shenyang City were reviewed from August 2013 to February 2016,and 282 workers were newly diagnosed as pneumoconiosis,including 158 cases of stage Ⅰ,88 cases of stage Ⅱ and 36 cases of stage Ⅲ. They were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,141 cases in each group. The workers in the observation group were given the measures of strengthening personal protection,increasing nutrition,strengthening exercise and increasing education of the knowledge about prevention,while those in the control group were in the original work condition. The pulmonary function of workers in two groups were recorded,including forced vital capacity（FVC）,forced expiratory volume in first second（FEV1）,percentage of forced expiratory volume in first second and forced vital capacity（FEV1%）,and maximum expiratory flow（PEF）.[Results]The newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases of workers with working length of 5-10 years accounted for the maximum proportion（39.4%）,followed by those whose working length were shorter than 5 years（22.7%）. The working length of workers with stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis was the longest（13.5 ±9.7 years）. The levels of FVC,FEV1,FEV1% and PEF in workers with stage Ⅰpneumoconiosis were higher than those in workers with stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis,and the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）. The levels of FVC,FEV1,FEV1% and PEF in workers with stageⅡpneumoconiosis were higher than those in workers with stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis,and the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）. The levels of FVC,FEV1,FEV1% and PEF in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.[Conclusion]It is necessary to strengthen the system supervision of occupational diseases,improve the self-consciousness of employers and self-protection awareness of workers,enhance resistance,form good habits to reduce respiratory infection,carry out the regular health examination and reduce the harm of dust on workers.