辛亥光复各省的防奸锄奸——以沪军都督府为中心

“Guarding against and Eliminating Traitors” in Each Recovered Province during the Revolution of 1911: A Case Study of Shanghai Military Command

辛亥各省光复,防奸锄奸成为重要任务。由于坊间传闻、媒体报道以及别有用心者的攻诋,加上汉奸罪是政治而非法律术语,使得锄奸范围事实上大为缩小,汉奸问题却看似乱象纷呈。实则以沪军都督府为代表的各省军政权和南京临时政府,都力求在确保政权稳固和树立文明形象之间取得平衡,分设了侦缉和执法机构,相互制约,严格掌控汉奸的指认及处置,有效地防止了滥捕乱杀。而政坛变幻波谲云诡,昔日的汉奸不断转身成为共和的元勋,判断汉奸的尺度差异,不但造成各地光复政权之间的裂痕,而且使得领袖与基层出现严重分歧,考验着革命党的政治伦理。

It was an important task to guard against and eliminate traitors in each recovered province during the Revolution of 1911. Due to some hearsay,media reports,the defamation of and people who had ulterior motives,and the fact that treason was a political rather than legal term,the issue of traitors appeared to be disordered in spite of the fact that the range of traitors had been substantially narrowed at that time. As a matter of fact,both the military political power in each province,including Shanghai Military Command,and Nanjing Provisional Government made great efforts to achieve a balance between keeping the stability of political power and building a civilized image. Excessive capturing and slaughtering was effectively avoid thanks to the practice of separating the reconnaissance agency and law enforcement agency,and seriously treating the accusation of traitors. However,in a changeable political climate,it had been frequently witnessed that a former traitor became a founder of the Republic once the standards for treason changed. Causing disharmony among recovered provincial governments and serious divergences between leaders and grass roots,this brought a great challenge to the political ethics of the revolutionary party.