自主投保还是强制投保?——农业保险的投保形式及最优保费补贴比例研究

Voluntary or Compulsory Insurance Participation?——The Study on the Form of Agricultural Insurance Participation and the Optimal Premium Subsidy

本文针对自主投保和强制投保两类农业保险投保形式,分别建立RCK模型,并引入保费补贴比例变量,考虑农业的外部性,建立政府净收益最大化模型。以农业产出水平及政府净收益为标准,比较了两类投保形式的优劣,分析得出相应的最优保费补贴比例。研究结果表明,当强制投保比例超过阈值时,强制农业保险优于自主投保农业保险;并在强制投保情况下,得出的最优投保比例和最优保费补贴比例能够较好解释现实情况。综合考虑,政府应采取强制投保农业保险的形式,并适当提高强制投保比例及保费补贴比例。

In regard to the existence of voluntary and compulsory agricultural insurance participation forms, this paper established the RCK model for each separately, and introduced the premium subsidy percentage as a variable to the models. With consideration to the externality of agriculture, it set up the government net return maximization model. Using agricultural output and government net return as the standards ,it then compared the pros and cons of these two forms of participation, and arrived at their optimal premium subsidy percentages. The results showed that when the percentage of compulsory participation exceeded the threshold, compulsory participation was superior to voluntary participation;and the optimal participation ratio and the optimal premium subsidy ratio arrived at in this case complied with the actual situation. Taking all factors into consideration,the government should adopt compulsory agricultural insurance, and raise the coverage ratio and premium subsidy ratio at the same time.