说“买”

On “Mai”

"买"可分类为自主动词、动作动词中的弱持续动词及带体词性宾语的及物动词。可带宾语;可带"着、了、过";能用"不/没"加以否定;可进入"把"字句;可重叠,多出"V来V去"式;主要做谓语、定语,不作主宾;可带结果补语,带趋向补语有格式要求和范围限制,程度补语只能进入构式"‘难买+得’+很",可进入状态补语构式"动词+得(助词)",可能补语形式多出"能/不能+买+结果补语"和"买+得着(zhao)/不着(zhao)"两类;有四种基本句法结构;特殊结构包括"买……送……"式和"你买不了吃亏,你买不了上当"式;针对对外汉语教学的实际情况,提出相应的教学建议;"买"这个意义框架尚可继续深入研究。

The Chinese character ＂Mai＂ （purchase） can be classified as an nuity verb of action word and a trans ＂Zhe＂ / ＂Le＂ / ＂Guo＂. It can be n itive verb with a noun object. It can independent verb, a weak conti- take such grammatical words as egated with ＂Bu＂ / ＂Mei＂. It can be reiterated in the structure of V ＋ ＂Lai＂ ＋ V ＋ ＂Qu＂. It mainly serves as a predicate and an attributive rather than a subject or object. It can be followed by a complement of result; when it is followed by a directional complement, there is a limit in the range and some requirements in the form ; when followed by a complement of degree, it can only form the structure ＂ ＇ Nan＇ ＇ Mai＇ ＋ ＇ De＇ ＋ ＇ Hen＇ ＂ ; when followed by a complement of state, it can be part of the structure ＂ ＇ Mai＇ ＋ ＇ De＇ ＇ Zhao＇ / ＇ Bu＇ ＇ Zhao＇ ＂. It has four basic syntactic patterns. Its special struc- tures contain ＂ ＇ Mai＇ -.. ＇ Song＇ ...＂ and ＂ ＇ Ni＇ ＇ Maibuliao＇ ＇ Chikui＇ ＇ ＇ , ＂ ＇ Ni＇ ＇ Maibuliao＇ ＇ Shangdang＇ ＂ Targeted at the actual situation of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, the paper attempts to forward some teaching suggestions. The meaning structure of ＂Mai＂ deserves further research.