渤海特别法执行机构设计的国际经验借鉴

The Implementation Body of the Bohai Sea Special Law: What Can We Learn from the International Experience of Regional Sea Governance

国际区域海公约中的执行机构建设主要形成了"单一区域性组织"、"缔约方会议+秘书处"、"缔约方会议+委员会"和"缔约方会议+秘书处+附属机构"四种模式。渤海特别法不应采用"单一区域性组织"模式。"缔约方会议+秘书处"模式中的秘书处和"缔约方会议+委员会"模式中的委员会相比,后者享有实际执行权。渤海特别法应优先选择委员会。渤海特别法可以考虑在"渤海管理委员会+渤海管理执行委员会"方案的基础上根据需要设立作为附属机构的科学委员会、监察委员会等。

The regional conventions for the protection of marine environment have set up four major patterns of institutional arrangement,including ＂single regional organization＂,＂Meeting of Contracting Parties with its secretariat＂,＂Meeting of Contracting Parties and Commission＂and ＂Meeting of Contracting Parties,Commission and subsidiary bodies＂. The Bohai Sea Special Law should not adopt the ＂single regional organization＂pattern. The Law should choose to establish a permanent implementing commission,as the ＂Meeting of Contracting Parties and Commission＂pattern has the real implementation power,compares to the Secretariat of the ＂Meeting of Contracting Parties with its secretariat＂pattern. The Law should also consider to establish a Science Sub-commission and a Compliance Sub-commission as subsidiary bodies to the ＂Bohai Sea Management Commission＂and the ＂Bohai Sea Special Law Implementation Commission＂.