道德的规范性问题及其解决方案

The Problem of Moral Normativity and Its Solutions

道德的规范性问题是当代道德哲学研究中的一个核心问题。关于如何解决这一问题,目前有两种方案:一种方案从第一人称的行动者动机激发入手,其代表人物是克里斯蒂娜·科尔斯戈德,认为只有行动者自身认同接受道德要求,才会打动其内心;另一种方案从第三人称的理论论证入手,其代表人物是德里克·帕菲特,认为只要我们对道德要求的论证足够充分合理,就可以劝服行动者遵守。从行动理由来理解,道德的规范性问题包含着规范、证明和激发三个维度,根本上是规范理由与激发理由之间的张力。为了解决该问题,我们需要实现规范理由与激发理由之间的协调。

The problem of moral normativity is a core issue of contemporary moral philosophy.There are two kinds of solutions to it:one emphasizes the stimulation of the first-person agent's motivation,and its representative personage is Christine Marion Korsgaard,who holds the view that only the agents themselves endorse and accept the moral requirements,shall he or she obey them;the other one emphasizes the third-person theoretical arguments,and its representative personage is Derek Parfit,who insists that as long as the moral requirements are sufficiently reasonable,the agents can be persuaded to comply with them.Seeing from the reasons of action,the problem of moral normativity contains three dimensions of normalizing,justifying and motivating,and the most important issue is the tension between normalizing reasons and motivating reasons.In order to solve this problem,we need to realize the harmony between normalizing reasons and motivating reasons.