清代湖南土家族竹枝词中的民俗描写及其意义

Discussion on Folkways Description and Significance of Tujia Zhuzhici in Hu'nan in the Qing Dynasty

竹枝词本是古代少数民族巴人的一种民歌,经过历代文人的改造,成为一种诗体。土家族作为巴人的后裔,虽然没有文字,但在改土归流后,民族聚居区涌现了大量本土文人,他们用汉语以竹枝词的形式记录了他们的社会生活。现存清代湖南的土家族竹枝词有两百余首,这些作品描写了丰富的民俗事象,主要表现在劳动生产、衣食住行、岁时节令、恋爱婚嫁和信仰禁忌等方面,富有深厚的文化意蕴。

Zhuzhici refers to folk songs of the ancient Ba minority. Transformed by scholars of different generations,it has become a kind of poetic style. The Tujia nationality, as descendants of the Ba people, has no written language. After their restoration, however, there appeared a large number of scholars who recorded their social life in the form of Zhuzhici in Chinese. There are more than two hundred pieces of Tujia Zhuzhici handed down in Hu＇nan in the Qing dynasty. These works describe rich folk customs of rich cultural implications about the people＇ work, life, seasons, marriage, beliefs, taboos, and so on.