旧方志中的聚落地理学信息及其价值评估——以天津市旧志为例

Geographic Information and Its Value Evaluation of Settlement in Old Chronicles——A Case Study of Tianjin Local Chronicles

旧方志是反映一定地域内一定历史时期的多种信息的百科全书式文献,其中包含大量的聚落地理学信息。旧方志对城市的反映相对全面、详细、丰富、集中;对村落的反映较为集中,但显得单一;反映市镇的信息则被混杂在城市、村落信息之中,需仔细甄别。从聚落地理学角度来看,旧方志所反映的各类聚落的分布信息较为全面、集中,但要注意区分村落性质与记录口径;聚落的外部形态、内部结构信息详略分化明显,要注意简单罗列中蕴含的动态变化;聚落起源、发展、城市化的动态过程信息隐含其中,应仔细分辨、横向对比,避免被编修中的错漏、简化所误导。

Chronicles serve as encyclopedic literature reflecting the historical state of a given area with much settlement geographic information. Local chronicle is a relatively rich, detailed, comprehensive and concentrated reflection of cities but with comparatively simple representation of villages, while the towns concerned are mixed in the cities and villages needs to be screened. From settlement geography, settlement records in the chronicles are comprehensive and focused, and attention should be paid to distinguishing the nature of villages and its recording statement. The external and internal structures of settlement are viewed in details to focus on dynamic changes in the information indicating their origin, development and urbanization. Emphasis should be laid to the contrast horizontally to avoid being misled by errors, omissions and simplification in biographical edition.