论中国古代技术实践的和谐性——以技术实践的“主体”、“工具”、“客体”为分析对象

On the Harmony in Ancient Chinese Technical Practices——The Analysis with "Subject" "Tool" and "Object" of Technological Practice

技术实践包括了主体、工具、客体三要素。中国古代技术实践主体对"天道"的追求反映了主体的理想和谐。他们期望通过技术实践,超越技术实践,从而企及"技"之外的"道"。理想和谐是抽象的,形而上的,但却是普遍的,无处不在的。具体而言,理想和谐可以具体化为各相关因素间的和谐,包括技术实践主体与他人间的伦理和谐,技术实践主体与工具的互融性和谐,技术实践主体、工具、客体间的有机和谐。

Technical practice covers three elements： subject, object and tools, the performances of harmony in Chinese ancient culture reflects the thought harmony in the subject, who wish to exceed practice through practice to reach ＂DAO＂ out of technique. Ideal and harmony are abstract and ubiquitous. Practically, ideal and harmony can be formed to any harmony among related elements including the harmony between technical subject and others, that between technical practice subject and tolls and the harmony between technical practice subject, the tools and the object.