新闻评论话语中诉诸权威的语用论辩研究——以《中国日报》社论为例

A Pragma-dialectical Approach to the Argument by Appeal to Authority in News Commentary Discourse:Taking as a case the editorials in China Daily

当前国内外学界对新闻评论话语中的论辩研究大都采取逻辑学路径,将新闻论辩看作静态、单主体、脱离语境的逻辑推演结果并对其进行逻辑有效性评价。这种研究路径在很大程度上偏离了新闻评论的真实语用环境与社会功能。鉴于此,本文以语用论辩学为基础,以《中国日报》社论为例,探究其中频繁使用的诉诸权威论证形式。研究发现,《中国日报》社论在其论辩过程中主要使用了三种诉诸权威形式,体现了评论者对潜在话题、受众需求和表达手段三方面的综合把握。

Scholars at home and abroad have studied news commentary discourse mainly from the perspective of Logic, who treated news argumentation as static, single-subject, decontextualized logical results and then evaluated its logical validity. However, the logical approach deviates the real pragmatic situation and social function of news commentary to a great extent. Based on the research framework of Pragma-Dialectics, and taking the case of editorials in China Daily, this paper intends to investigate the forms of argument by appeal to authority in news commentaries. It is found that three forms of argument by appeal to authority have been utilized in China Daily, showing the commentator＇s manipulation of potential topic, audience demand and presentational devices into consideration.