新中国成立初期上海首轮工资改革运动的历史考察

A Historical Study of Shanghai's First Round in the Wage Reform Movement During the Early Period of New China

从1950年到1956年,中共中央在全国范围内推行工资改革运动,力求在国营企业、地方国营企业及早期已完成公私合营的企业内部率先实行以"按劳分配"为原则的新型劳动工资制度。由于受到中央区域性"减控"工资要求影响,上海地区的工资改革尤为复杂。与国家整体期望达成的"社会主义"发展目标相对应,基层社会对于职工个人生活、消费的偏向则被笼统地称为"经济主义",二者从经济层面的方向偏差上升为意识形态之争,并作用于地区工资改革在不同时段内的实际运作。对于其间具体改革方式及程度的讨论,是分析中共如何处理国家与工人关系议题的重要切入点。

From 1950 to 1956, the Central Committee of the CPC launched a nationwide wage reform movement, with the aim of taking the lead in implementing a new wage system based on the principle of ＂distribution accord- ing to work＂ in state-owned enterprises, local state-owned enterprises, and enterprises that had completed public-private partnerships. Due to the Central Committee＇ s regional ＂risk reduction＂ wage requirements, the wage reform in Shanghai was particularly complex. In contrast to the goal of ＂socialist＂ development that the nation sought to achieve, the bias in grassroots society regarding the workers＇ personal lives and consumption is generally referred to as ＂economism＂ and this economic bias gave rise to ideological conflicts, which played a role in the actual operations of regional wage reforms during different periods. A discussion of the methods and extent of this specific reform is an important starting point to analyze how the CPC deals with the issue of state-worker relations.