从“太太”的客厅到“糟糠”之宅:战时林徽因昆明经历的再思考

From the Living Room of Madame to the House of Wife:Rethink of Lin Whei-yin 's Experience in Kunming during Wartime

抗战爆发后,林徽因随梁思成辗转来到昆明,驻足三年后,夫妇二人又随中央研究院史语所迁至四川李庄并在此完成了著名的《中国建筑史》。建国后,他们又创办了清华大学建筑系,并有大量优秀的设计作品问世。但是直至今日,林徽因在昆明的经历似乎并未引起人们的重视,概因期间作品的保存、驻留时间短暂以及梁思成的光芒遮蔽等因素所致。本文拟通过档案发掘、史料辨析、建筑遗产的考察等综合视角探讨战时昆明经历对林徽因建筑理念的影响,重新思考其在建筑教育史上的意义,正是这段经历成为战后林徽因对住宅设计关注的滥觞期。

After the outbreak of the war, Lin Whei-yin and Liang Sicheng traveled to Kunming.The couples stopped there for three years, and then moved with the Institute of History and Philology of Academia Sinica to Li Zhuang in Sichuan. In Li Zhuang, Lin and Liang completed the famous writing Chinese Architectural History. After the founding of the People＇s Republic of China, they founded the Department of architecture of Tsinghua University, and finished a large number of outstanding design works. But Lin Whei-yin＇s experience in Kunming seems to have not attracted much attention today, due to the factors such as the period of the preservation of the works, the short residence time and the light shielding of Liang Sicheng. This paper intends to study from a comprehensive perspectives of the archives, historical analysis and architectural heritage investigation to discuss the impact of the experience in Kunming during wartime on Lin Whei-yin＇s architectural thoughts. Meanwile,this paper will rethink the significance of Lin Whei-yin in the history of architectural education. It is this experience to become the beginning period of the attention to residential design of Lin Whei-yin after the war.