唐代三史科及相关史实考论

A Study of the San Shi Subject and the Related Historical Facts in the Tang Dynasty

唐穆宗时,谏议大夫殷侑奏请设置三史科,标志着史学正式被纳入科举考试的常考科目,在中国古代史学发展史上具有重要意义。当前学界在三史科的一些基本问题认识上存在较大分歧。通过对相关史料与研究成果的梳理与考辨,可得出如下结论：第一,殷侑奏疏中所援引的三则“国朝故事”为玄宗开元制度,源自《唐六典》中所载的三则典制条文。第二,三史科设置时间是长庆二年,而非长庆三年。第三,三史科考试范围为前三史,而非前四史或者更为宽泛的历代史书。

The San Shi Subject was instituted under the memorial of Minister Yin You during the period of the Muzong Emperor of the Tang Dynasty, which marked that historiography began to be included in the imperial examination, and thus had great importance in history of traditional Chinese historiography. Present scholarship has different opinions on some basic issues of the San Shi subject. We can draw several conclusions by surveying the related historical materials and research results. First,the three"Guochao Gushi"cited by Yin You ‘petition to throne is the system of the Kaiyuan Reign Period under the Xuanzong Emperor, which originated from the three clause of the Tang Liu Dian. Second, the San Shi subject is set in the second year of the Changqing Reign Period rather than in the third year of the Changqing Reign Period. Third,the examination scope of the San Shi subject is the three former historical Texts rather than the four former historical Texts or the wider historical records of the past dynasties.