绍兴地区粮谷类食品中铅镉和总汞含量的监测及暴露水平评估

Assessment on the exposure levels and monitoring on contents of lead cadmium and total mercury in cereals in Shaoxing area

目的了解绍兴地区粮谷类食品中铅、镉和总汞的污染水平及趋势,进行膳食暴露评估。方法2007-2014年对绍兴地区农贸市场、超市等地的粮谷类食品抽样检测铅、镉和总汞的含量,采用单因子污染指数评价粮谷类食品各种重金属污染程度,结合浙江省2008年居民膳食消费量数据,对绍兴地区粮谷类食品中铅、镉和总汞的暴露水平进行评估。结果共采集4大类817份粮谷类食品,铅、镉和总汞的超标率分别为2.20%(18/817)、1.59%(13/817)和3.06%(25/817),平均值分别为0.054、0.032和0.005 9mg/kg;粮谷类食品的铅、镉和总汞日均摄入量分别为23.03、16.23和2.61μg/d,分别占暂定每周耐受摄入量(PTWI)或暂定每月耐受摄入量(PTMI)的10.8%、32.5%和26.0%,其中大米及其制品对铅、镉和总汞的贡献率均为粮谷类食品中最高,分别为82.9%、86.5%和81.6%。结论绍兴地区粮谷类食品中铅、镉和总汞的总体污染水平不高,居民通过粮谷类食品铅和总汞暴露水平均较低,镉暴露水平相对较高,米及其制品是粮谷类食品铅、镉和总汞暴露的主要来源。

Objective To investigate lead,cadmium and mercury contamination level and trend in cereals in Shaoxing,and to assess dietary exposure. Methods The cereals samples were collected from agricultural markets and supermarkets from 2007 to 2014in Shaoxing,and then detected for lead,cadmium and total mercury.The pollution degree of every kind of heavy metal in cereals was evaluated by single factor pollution index.The exposure levels of lead,cadmium and total mercury in cereals in Shaoxing were assessed by combination of dietary consumption of residents in Zhejiang province in 2008. Results 817 cereals samples from4 categories were collected,the exceeding rates were 2.20%（18/817）,1.59%（13/817）and 3.06%（25/817）respectively,the average values were 0.054,0.032 and 0.005 9mg/kg respectively;the daily intakes of lead,cadmium and total mercury were 23.03,16.23 and 2.61μg/d from cereals respectively,which accounted for PTWI or PTMI 10.8%,32.5% and 26.0%respectively,the contribution rate of rice and its products to lead、cadmium and total mercury were 82.9% 86.5% and 81.6%,respectively,which were the highest in all kinds of cereals. Conclusions The overall pollution levels of lead,cadmium and total mercury in cereals were not high in Shaoxing,the exposure levels of lead and total mercury from cereals were low,however,the exposure level of cadmium was relatively high,rice and its products were the main source of lead、cadmium and total mercury in cereals.