东北地区工人新村的苏式实践 以哈尔滨市“一五”时期单位住区为例

The Soviet-style Workers' Village in Northeast China Study of Danwei Residential Districts in the First "Five-Year Plan" Period in Harbin

东北地区作为中国最早建设的重点老工业基地之一,在"一五"时期对城市空间实践的探索带有明显的苏式风格。文章关注东北地区的工人新村,将其作为见证老工业城市工业发展、城市建设和住宅演变的重要标本进行研究。文章梳理了东北地区工人新村的建设概况,探讨哈尔滨市"一五"时期单位住区的分布特点及现存情况,总结其空间模式、院落形态和建筑特征。另外,文章还总结了哈尔滨市工人新村的现存困境并在此基础上提出了更新与保护的思考。

Northeast China is considered as one ofthe earliest industrial bases, in which the urban spatial practice during the first ＂Five-Year Plan＂ period had a distinct Soviet style. This article focuses on workers＇ village in Northeast China, which has witnessed the industrial development, city construction and residential evolution of old industrial city. The article traces the general situation of workers＇ village in Northeast China, and discusses the distribution characteristics, construction situation, spatial pattern, courtyard form, and architectural features of Danwei residential districts built in the first ＂Five-Year Plan＂period in Harbin. In addition, the article summarizes the existing plight of the workers＇ village in Harbin and puts forward some suggestions of regeneration and protection.