通过“场地可持续性设计行动计划”评级体系推动绿色基础设施与生态系统服务发展

ADVANCING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES THROUGH THE SITES RATING SYSTEM

在创建高效的交通系统,减少城市热岛效应,满足人们对洁净水源、空气和开放空间不断增长的需求,以及保护野生动物栖息地等方面,世界各地的城市和社区正面临越来越艰巨的挑战。绿色建筑实践可以通过土地、能源和节水技术缓解这些方面的压力。人类在土地上建造的构筑物,深刻地影响着生态系统以及社区的健康、安全和福祉。场地可持续性设计行动计划？（SITES？）的提出基于以下认知：景观是建成环境中的一个关键元素,人们可通过设计和维护景观,来避免、减轻甚至扭转人类发展和气候变化带来的不利影响。与通常会随时间推移而贬值的建筑物不同,可持续景观通过持续提供多种效益（如雨洪管理、资源集约、污染治理,以及改善人类健康和福祉）而增值。无论其所在的场地是都市广场、城市公园、大学校园还是公司总部,景观都能作为生态弹性场所,更好地抵御偶发性洪水、干旱、野火及其他灾难,并从中迅速恢复。相较于传统的场地设计实践,使用了生态系统服务框架的SITES评级体系是一种更为有效的替代方法。

Cities and communities around the world face increasingly difficult challenges in creating efficient transit systems, reducing urban heat island effects, and addressing the ever-rising demand for clean water and air, open space, and wildlife habitat. Green building practices can alleviate many of these pressures through land, energy, and water conserving technologies. What is built on the land profoundly impacts ecological systems as well as the health, safety, and welfare of communities. The Sustainable SITES Initiative？（SITES？） is based on the understanding that landscapes are a crucial element of the built environment and can be designed and maintained to avoid, mitigate, and even reverse the common detrimental impacts of development and climate change. Unlike buildings that typically depreciate over time, sustainable landscapes appreciate in value by continuing to provide multiple benefits such as managing stormwater, conserving resources, reducing pollution, and improving human health and well-being. Whether the site is an urban plaza, city park, university campus, or corporate headquarters, landscapes can be ecologically resilient places better able to withstand and recover from episodic floods, droughts, wildfires, and other catastrophic events. Using an ecosystem services framework, the SITES Rating System is presented as an alternative and more effective approach to conventional site-design practices.