有机抑芽剂对烤烟抑芽效果的影响

Effect of Sprouting Inhibition of Organic Suckercides on Flue-cured Tobacco

[目的]研究开发环境友好型烟草抑芽剂。[方法]以打顶不抹杈为阴性对照,以常规抑芽剂氟节胺乳油为阳性对照,对有机生物抑芽剂的抑芽效果进行对比研究。[结果]有机生物抑芽剂可以显著拓展烟株顶部第1、2片烟叶的叶面积;第1片叶的增幅最大,达432.27 cm^2,第2片叶增幅为214.87 cm^2。有机生物抑芽剂抑芽效果明显,且有效性较常规抑芽剂持续。在施药后21 d,有机生物抑芽剂的抑芽率为72.56%,比常规抑芽剂高3.39百分点;最终抑芽效果略好于常规抑芽,为88.33%,比它高0.18百分点。有机生物抑芽剂可以优化烤后烟叶的内在化学成分,提升评吸质量。相较常规抑芽剂,它可以使烤后烟叶总糖达到27.81%,增加0.61百分点;还原糖达24.43%,增加1.30百分点;总氮降至1.85%,减少0.07百分点;烟碱降至2.41%,降低0.34百分点;K提至2.57%,增加0.35百分点;氯含量降至0.27%,减少0.01百分点;与此同时,它还可以提高烤后烟的香气质、香气量,降低杂气及刺激性,增强透发性、柔细度、甜度及余味,即使用有机生物抑芽剂进行抑芽可明显改善烤后烟叶的评吸质量。[结论]采用菜油、酒精、烟焦油配制而成的有机生物抑芽剂可为生产开发推广环境友好型抑芽剂提供依据。

[ Objective ] To develop environment-friendly chemical bud inhibitors. [ Method] using a treatment of toping without sucker removing as negative control, a treatment of suckercide （Flumetralin） as positive control, control effects of organic suckercides on flue-cured tobacco were conducted. [ Result ] Compared to negative and positive controls, organic suckercide could significantly expand the tobacco leaf area at the top of the first and second pieces of tobacco. The first leaf area on the top increased by 432.27 cm^2, and the second one increased by 214.87 cm^2. Inhibiting effects of tobacco axillary buds were remarkable which was belong to organic suckercides. It was better than conventional suckercides to last longer. The 21 days after spraying, organic suckercide sprout inhibition rate of 72.56%, was higher 3.39 percentage points than conventional sucker controlling agent , and the net inhibiting effects of tobacco axillary buds were slightly better in conventional sprout inhibition ,88.33%, than the conventional higher 0.18 percentage points. Organic suckercides could optimize tobacco composition and improve smoking quality. Compared to conventional sucker controlling agent, its total sugar reached 27.81%, increased by 0.61 percentage points, reducing sugar reached 24. 43%, an increase of 1.30 percentage points, total nitrogen reached 1.85%, reduced by O. 07 percentage points, nicotine reduced to 2.41%, 0. 34 percentage points lower, K reached 2.57%, increased by O. 35 percentage points, C1 was 0.27%, 0.01 percent point reduction. By the way, it could improve flue-cured tobacco aroma quality and aroma volume, reduce the miscellaneous gas and irritation, enhance the penetration, soft fineness, sweetness and remaining taste. Using organic suckercides for sucker control could improve flue-cured tobacco assessment ceiling of quality. [ Conclusion ] The organic suckercide made from vegetable oil, alcohol and tobacco tar could provide the basis for the production and de- velopment of environmental-friendly bud suppression.