矮化密植苹果树节水灌溉研究

Study on Water-saving Irrigation of Compact Shortened Apple Tree

[目的]提高北京地区果树灌溉水资源利用率,为痕量灌溉系统的设计及其在果树上的大面积应用提供理论依据。[方法]通过室内试验和田间应用,对不同灌溉量处理下矮化密植苹果树的灌溉效果进行比较。[结果]灌溉过程中垂直湿润峰与水平湿润峰比值随灌溉时间延长而增大。各处理不同土层深度土壤含水量呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势。灌水定额12 L/h的处理(H_1)同层土壤含水量高于灌水定额10 L/h的处理(H_2)。H_1的树高生长量较大,H_2的地径、冠幅生长量较大,各处理的苹果树生长差异不显著。[结论]痕量灌溉处理降低20%灌溉量后不影响树木正常生长,达到节水灌溉的目的。

[ Objective ] To improve the irrigation water use efficiency of fruit trees in Beijing,and provide basis for the design and application of trace irrigation system. [ Method] Through laboratory experiment and field application ,the effects of different irrigation amount on irrigating dwarfing close planting apple trees were compared. [Result] The ratio of vertical wetting front to horizontal wetting front increased with the growth of irrigation time. The soil water content at different depths showed the law of increasing first, then decreasing and then increasing. The law of soil water content in the same layers was that the irrigation quota for 12 L/h treatment （ H1 ） was higher than the irrigation quota of 10 L/h （ H2 ）. The height growth of H1 was larger,the growth of base diameter and crown width of H2 was larger. [ Conclusion] When the amount of irrigation decrease by 20% ,growth of trees will not be affected as well as to achieve water-saving irrigation purposes.