近代中国茶叶对外贸易衰落的社会影响

The Social Impact of the Decline of the Tea Foreign Trade in Modern China

茶叶是中国传统出口商品。19世纪80年代中后期起,由于洋茶强力竞争,以小农经济为基础的中国茶叶对外贸易急剧衰落,突出表现为茶叶出口数量、出口价值、占外贸比重的减少,茶叶产业萧条。茶叶贸易衰落导致区域经济衰败、金融税收萎缩、社会生活嬗变。茶叶贸易衰落的严重影响震惊了晚清社会,社会上形成了一股振兴茶业的思潮,并最终转化为振兴茶业的系列行动。受社会性质、时代条件等多方面影响,茶业振兴行动虽解决不了中国茶业衰落的历史命运,却为中国传统茶业向现代茶业转型提供了契机。

Tea is one of China＇s traditional export commodities. Since the late 1880s, due to the strong competition from foreign tea, based on the small-scale peasant economy, China＇s tea foreign trade declined sharply, especially for the tea export quanti- ty, export value and the proportion of foreign trade. This caused the decline of regional economy, the financial tax, and the changes in social life. And this shocked the late Qing Dynasty society, an ideological trend of revitalization of the tea industry formed, and finally transformed into a series of actions. Affected by the social nature, historical conditions and other aspects, the actions could not solve the historical destny of the decline of Chinese tea industry, but provided an opportunity for the tradi- tional industry＇s modernization.