2005—2014年中国7-18岁儿童青少年近视流行状况与变化趋势

The epidemic status and secular trends of myopia prevalence for Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 2005 to 2014

目的 分析2005—2014年中国7-18岁儿童青少年近视流行的地域分布特点和变化趋势。方法 从2005、2010和2014年全国学生体质与健康调研资料（涵盖内地31个省份，不包括中国香港、台湾和澳门）中，选择双眼视力检测数据完整的7-18岁学生作为研究对象，样本量分别为233 505、216 474和215 160名。分析2005—2014年中国儿童青少年近视流行在地区上的分布特点和增长变化趋势。结果 2005、2010和2014年中国7-18岁儿童青少年近视检出率分别为47.4% （111 707/235 505）、55.6% （120 456/216 474）和57.2% （122 965/215 160），增长幅度分别为8.0％和1.6%，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。2005—2010年近视增长较快，仅天津、海南和宁夏3个省份发生了降低，90.3%（28/31）的省份处于增长态势，增长百分比范围为1.3%-22.3%。2010—2014年中国近视增长放缓，38.7%（12/31）的省份出现负增长，包括河北、山西、内蒙古、浙江、福建、山东、湖北、广西、贵州、西藏、青海和新疆，其余省份的增长百分比范围为0.4%-24.7%。结论 中国7-18岁儿童青少年近视处于较高水平并不断增长，各省份儿童青少年的近视水平存在较大差异，但是2010—2014年整体增长幅度降低。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of geographic distribution and change trend of myopia prevalence for children and adolescents aged 7-18 years old from 2005 to 2014, which provides the basis for the prevention of myopia. Methods Research material was selected from the data of 2005, 2010, and 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health, including 31 provinces （with the exception of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan）. The complete detection data of binoculus in children and adolescents aged 7-18 years old were selected as our research objects. The research objects of three studies were 233505, 216474, and 215160, respectively. We analyzed the characteristics of geographic distribution and change trend of myopia prevalence for children and adolescents aged 7-18 years old in 31 provinces from 2005 to 2014. Results The overall myopia detection rates in Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years old in 31 provinces were 47.4% （111707/235505）, 55.6% （120456/216474）, and 57.2%（122965/215160） in 2005, 2010 and 2014, respectively. The growth range in this two phases were 8.0 percentage points, and 1.6 percentage points, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The detection rate of Myopia was growing quickly from 2005 to 2010 and only three provinces were in the situation of decline state including Tianjin, Hainan, and Ningxia. 90.3 percent （28/31） of provinces were in the situation of growth state and the growth range was 1.3%-22.3%. The growth of myopia was in the situation of slowdown from 2010 to 2014, and 38.7 percent （12/31） of the provinces were in negative growth districts including Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Hubei, Guangxi, Guizhou, Tibet, Qianghai, and Xinjiang. The growth range in other provinces was 0.4%-24.7%. Conclusion The myopia detection rate was at a higher level and growing constantly in China. There was large difference for myopia of children and adolescents among the 31 provinces. However, the overall growth rate of myopia in children and adolescents was in the situation of a relatively low level form 2010 to 2014.