初产妇社会资本量表的研制及评价

Development and evaluation on the primipara social capital scale

目的 制订中文版初产妇社会资本量表,并评价其效度和信度.方法 在世界银行＂社会资本量表＂和＂社会网络测量量表＂基础上拟定而成社会资本的中文版量表条目.根据初产妇特点对量表进行修订,选择相关领域10名专家围绕量表的内容及文化适应性、初产妇的特点和实际可操作性方面进行了两轮的专题讨论,形成初产妇社会资本量表,包含社会信任、社会互惠、社会网络、社会参与4个维度.采用立意抽样,选择孕晚期（30-36孕周）的初产妇1100名.评价量表的效度,包括内容效度、结构效度和辨别效度;评价量表的信度,包括Cronbach＇α系数和分半信度.结果 收回合格调查表1035份（94.09%）,填表时间为（13.23±2.53）min.总量表得分为（195.38±45.98）分,社会信任、社会互惠、社会参与、社会网络维度得分分别为（30.26±4.25）、（22.84±4.21）、（34.23±7.47）和（108.05±41.96）分.量表各维度的公因子累积方差贡献率为52.92%-69.37%,均达到50%以上的认可标准;所有条目的因子载荷值均〉0.5,结构效度较好.量表具有较好的内容效度,各维度与总量表之间的r值在0.57-0.81之间,P值均〈0.01.高分组社会信任、社会互惠、社会参与、社会网络得分分别为（32.89±3.19）、（25.65±3.48）、（38.27±6.59）、（119.94±36.61）分,均高于低分组（分别为27.77±3.58、20.18±2.91、30.40±6.13、96.76±43.60）（t值分别为-24.23、-27.46、-19.90、-9.24,P值均〈0.001）,具有较好的辨别效度.总量表及各维度的Cronbach＇α系数在0.76-0.86之间,分半信度在0.68-0.84之间.结论 中文版初产妇社会资本量表具有良好的信效度,可用于评价国内初产妇社会资本现状.

Objective To develop the Chinese primipara social capital scale （C-PSCS）, and to evaluate its validity and reliability. Methods The items of C-PSCS were developed based on Social Capital Scale by the World Bank and Social Network Scale. This scale was modified according to the characteristics of primiparas. We selected 10 experts who specialized in related field, and two rounds of seminars about content, cultural compatibility, primiparas＇ characteristics, and practicability. The finally C-PSCS included four dimensions： social trust, social reciprocity, social network, and social participation. Using purposive sampling to select 1100 primiparas in their third trimesters （gestational weeks from 30 to 36 weeks）. The validity analyses included content validity, construct validity and discriminant validity. The reliability analyses included Cronbach＇ α coefficient, and split-half reliability. Results 1035 questionnaires （94.09%） were qualified and the completion time was （13.23 ± 2.53） minutes. The total score of scale was 195.38 ± 45.98, and scores for social trust, social reciprocity, social network, and social participation were 30.26 ± 4.25, 22.84 ± 4.21, 34.23 ± 7.47, and 108.05 ± 41.96, respectively. The common factor cumulative variance contribution rates of each dimension were from 52.92%to 69.37%, which achieved more than 50%of the approved standard, and all the items held factor loading 〉0.5 in its relevant common factor, it had good construct validity. The scale had a good content validity, the r values between each dimensions and total scale were range from 0.57 to 0.81, P〈0.01. For the high-score group, scores for social trust, social reciprocity, social network, and social participation dimensions were 32.89 ± 3.19, 25.65 ± 3.48, 38.27 ± 6.59, 119.94±36.61, respectively, which were higher than low-score group（27.77±3.58, 20.18±2.91, 30.40±6.13, 96.76 ± 43.60）, t-values were-24.23,-27.46,-19.90, and-9.24, respectively, P〈0.001. It had good discriminant validity. The Cronbach′αcoefficient for the total scale and four dimensions were from 0.76 to 0.86, and whose split-half reliability were from 0.68 to 0.84. Conclusion The validity and reliability of C-PSCS were excellent, and could be used to evaluate the social capital situation on the Chinese primiparas.