中国居民饮用液态乳摄入硫氰酸盐水平及其风险评估

Liquid milk exposure and risk assessment of thiocyanate in Chinese populations

目的 评估我国居民硫氰酸盐摄入水平及其潜在健康风险。方法 综合考虑主要乳品公司奶源产地、我国奶牛养殖地域分布情况以及牛奶产量情况，于2013—2014年选取我国12个省（市、自治区）以及牛奶产量和我国进口量较大的新西兰和荷兰的牧场，采集牛乳头奶样品，并利用离子色谱法进行硫氰酸盐含量检测，共获得2 059条牛乳头奶中硫氰酸盐含量数据。利用上述含量数据，结合2013年中国居民饮料酒、饮料消费量调查的16 775名3岁以上调查对象数据，采用简单分布模型计算中国居民通过液态乳的硫氰酸盐摄入水平。以0.08 mg·kg^-1·d^-1作为硫氰酸盐的临时每日可耐受摄入量（TDI ），以不同年龄组人群硫氰酸盐摄入水平与临时TDI比较，进行风险评估。结果 2 059份牛乳头奶样品中检出硫氰酸盐1 331份，检出率为65%，平均含量为2.11 mg/kg，检出范围为0.10- 16.20 mg/kg。全人群通过液态乳摄入硫氰酸盐的量为0.001 mg·kg^-1·d^-1，远低于临时TDI。食物消费量为P95的高消费量人群通过液态乳摄入硫氰酸盐的量为0.009 mg·kg^-1·d^-1，液态乳P95的消费者通过液态乳摄入硫氰酸盐0.020 mg·kg^-1·d^-1，均低于临时TDI。3- 6、7- 12、13- 17、18- 59、≥60岁组通过液态乳摄入硫氰酸盐的量分别为0.007、0.003、0.002、0.001和0.001 mg·kg^-1·d^-1，均低于临时TDI。结论 中国居民通过液态乳摄入硫氰酸盐的健康风险较低。儿童饮用液态乳品应受更多关注。

Objective To analyze liquid milk exposure of thiocyanate among Chinese population and preliminarily assess its health risk. Methods A total of 2059 raw milk samples were collected during 2013 and 2014 from 12 Chinese provinces, New Zealand and Netherlands. Farms were chosed according to the main sources of dairy companies, the distribution of farms and the yield of milk. Content of thiocyanate were detected by ion chromatography. Liquid milk consumption data were taken from Chinese beverage and alcoholic beverage consumption survey in 18 cities or counties in 9 provinces, including 16775 subjects older than 3. A simple distribution model was used to estimate the exposure of thiocyanate from liquid milk. The tolerable daily intake （TDI） of thiocyanate was made 0.08 mg · kg^-1 · d^-1. Then the exposures of different age groups were compared with TDI. Results Finally, 1331 samples out of 2059 were detected to contain thiocyanate. The detection rate was 65%. The average concentration of thiocyanate was 2.11 mg/kg, with a range of 0.10-16.20 mg/kg. The general population＇s consumption of thiocyanate by drinking liquid milk was 0.001 mg · kg^-1 · d^-1, which was lower than TDI. The P95 of general population and consumers were 0.009 mg · kg^-1 · d^-1 and 0.020 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 respectively, which were also lower than TDI. Mean exposures of population aged 3-6, 7-12, 13-17, 18-59 as well as elderly aged 60 and above were 0.007, 0.003, 0.002, 0.001 and 0.001 mg · kg^-1 · d^-1 respectively, which were all lower than TDI. Conclusion The results suggested that the health risk of thiocyanate exposure by drinking liquid milk among Chinese population was at a low level. However, milk products for children deserve more concern.