品种与密肥措施对元麦籽粒产量及其β-葡聚糖含量的影响

Effects of Variety,Planting Density and Fertilization on Grain Yield and β-glucan Content of Naked Barley

围绕制作"冷蒸"元麦原料种植,进行了品种筛选和氮肥运筹与播种量试验。结果表明:根据穗层相对整齐、灌浆速度较快、抗倒性较强、籽粒产量和β-葡聚糖含量要高的要求,筛选出了苏裸麦2号、通麦6号、苏裸麦1号等为优先选用品种;氮肥运筹和播种量试验处理中,其籽粒产量介于4988.70~5990.55 kg/hm^2、β-葡聚糖含量介于3.31%~3.77%之间。3种氮肥运筹方式的主处理对籽粒产量无显著影响,但对籽粒β-葡聚糖含量影响显著。随着播种量上升单位面积的籽粒产量增加,但播种量增加至210 kg/hm^2时产量下降。播种量对籽粒β-葡聚糖含量没有显著的影响。综合籽粒产量和β-葡聚糖含量,增强植株抗倒性、青穗早采摘等要求,制作"冷蒸"的元麦种植,以播种量150~180 kg/hm^2,基苗肥中N占比60%~70%、拔节孕穗肥N占比30%~40%为宜。

The field experiments in the variety selection,and nitrogen fertilizer management and seeding rate of naked barley used as the material of ＂Lengzheng＂were conducted. According to the demands for relatively neat spike layer,fast seed-filling speed,strong lodging resistance,high grain yield and high β-glucan content,the naked barley varieties Suluomai 2,Tongmai 6and Suluomai 1 were screened out for prior utilization. In the experiments of nitrogen fertilizer management and seeding rate,the grain yield of these varieties varied from 4988. 70 kg/hm^2 to 5990. 55 kg/hm^2,and the β-glucan content in their grains was3.31% ~ 3.77%. The main treatments with three modes of nitrogen fertilizer management had no significant effect on the grain yield,but had a significant effect on the β-glucan content in grains. The grain yield per unit area rose when the seeding rate increased until 210 kg/hm^2; the seeding rate had no significant effect on the β-glucan content in grains. According to the comprehensive requirements to grain yield,grain β-glucan content,lodging resistance of plants,and early harvest of green spikes,the suitable seeding rate of naked barley was 150 ~ 180 kg/hm^2,and the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in base（ seedling） fertilizer and jointing（ booting） fertilizer should be 60% ~ 70% and 30% ~ 40%,respectively.