一种改进的铁路超限货物运输模拟限界检测方法

An improved detection method for railway clearance in transportation of out-of-gauge freight

针对传统超限货物检查架模拟运输不能实现异物侵入深度定量检测的问题,提出基于活动支架转动位移一阶微分拐点定位的改进限界检测方法。研究限界模拟检查架设计及视频监控方案,在检查架活动支架转动臂中增设用于测量限界侵入深度的拉绳位移传感装置,并推导限界侵入深度与拉绳位移增量之间的数学关系;建立活动支架与异物发生碰撞过程的动力学方程,并对碰撞过程中惯性效应引起的活动支架"过跃"现象进行解释,给出位移一阶微分拐点定位的限界侵入深度确定方法。通过标定试验对该方法进行试验验证和误差分析,并结合实车模拟运输试验对结果进行分析。研究结果表明:该方法克服了传统单一视频监控模式无法准确量化入侵深度的问题,能较准确地对超限货物运输模拟限界进行在线检测,为超限货物的高效和安全运输提供限界数据和技术保障。

The traditional examining rack tests are always used to detect the railway clearance before the out-of-gauge freight transportation, however, this method cannot decide the intrusion-depth of the foreign matter quantitatively. To solve this problem, an improved method based on the inflection point＇s localization through the first partial derivative of the pivoted frame＇s displacement was proposed. The design projects of the examining rack and video monitoring system were presented. Rope displacement sensors for measuring the intrusion-depth were added on the rotating arm of the pivoted frame, and the mathematical relationship between the intrusion-depth and rope displacement increment was deduced. Then, a kinetic equation between the pivoted frame and foreign matter was established, and the over-rotation phenomenon due to the inertia effect was shown in the process of the collision, which determined the method for the intrusion-depth based on the inflection point＇s localization. Finally, an experimental calibration was carried out and the error was analyzed. Meanwhile, the full-scale tests were conducted to validate the theory. The results show that this method overcomes the problem that the intrusion-depth of the foreign matter can＇t be quantitatively detected by the video monitor system. It can detect the gauge precisely by the simulative transportation of out-of-gauge freight, which can provide data and technical supports for the efficient and safe transportation of out-of-gauge freight.