109例外伤性视损害的法医学分析

Forensic analysis of 109 cases of traumatic visual loss

目的对外伤性视力损害的类型,机制及法医学鉴定进行分析。方法收集109例外伤性视损害案例,回顾性分析其两眼视差、屈光参差、受伤眼别、视力分布等项目。结果男女比例5.8:1,多见于30~59岁;单、双眼受伤的比例17.17:1,故意伤害案左、右眼受伤的比例1.39:1;受伤眼115目,83目达低视力或盲程度;两眼视力之差≥3行视标的95人(87.16%);屈光参差2.25D^6.00D的9人,>6.00D的23人。结论两眼视差、屈光参差等问题在鉴定实践中并不少见,但我国鉴定标准尚未涉及,建议制定相关标准时关注双眼整体功能。

Objective To analyze types, mechanism and forensic identification for traumatic visual loss. Methods 109 cases of the evaluation for impairment and disability on traumatic visual loss were retrospectively analyzed, including interocular differences, anisometropia, left or right eye and the distributions of visual acuity, etc. Results The male-to-female ratio was 5.8：1, mainly 30~59 years of age. The ratio of monocular versus binocular injuries was 17.17：1. The ratio of left versus right injured eye was 1.39：1 in intentional injury cases. 115 eyes were injured, 83 of which were in low vision or blindness. 95 patients（87.16%） had large interocular differences（ ≥ 3 lines）. There were 9 patients with anisometropia from 2.25D to 6.00D and 23 patients with anisometropia larger than 6.00D. Conclusion Interocular differences and anisometropia are common in practice, which are not included in the expertise standard yet. Functional vision should be considered when developing the expertise standard.