拔节后水分调控对矮抗58氮素吸收利用特性和蛋白质产量的影响

Effects of Water Managements After Jointing on Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization and Protein Yield in Winter Wheat Cultivar AK58

为探讨拔节后不同水分调控下冬小麦氮素利用特性和蛋白质产量的变化规律,2013-2015年,防雨棚下以矮抗58为材料,在保证足墒播种、安全越冬的基础上,研究了拔节至成熟期持续干旱(W1)、拔节至孕穗期供水适宜+开花至成熟期干旱(W2)和拔节至成熟期供水适宜(W3)3个水分处理下冬小麦氮素积累转运特性、利用效率、籽粒产量和蛋白质产量的差异。结果表明,拔节后水分调控显著影响矮抗58氮素积累、转运、利用特性和籽粒氮素的累积,且2个生长季规律相似。在平均值方面,拔节至孕穗期供水适宜能显著提高矮抗58成熟期地上部氮素积累量、花后氮素积累量及其对籽粒氮素的贡献率。W2花前贮藏氮素转运量及其转运率较W1和W3分别提高12.0%和21.9%、2.6%和21.6%,且提高了成熟期籽粒氮素积累量和氮素在籽粒中的分配比例。W2氮素吸收效率、籽粒产量和蛋白质产量分别比W1提高了19.2%、21.9%和16.9%;W2蛋白质产量较W3提高了3.1%。综合考虑蛋白质含量、籽粒产量和蛋白质产量,拔节至孕穗期土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的70%~80%,开花期至成熟期为45%~55%,是矮抗58兼顾节水、高产、高效、优质的最优水分管理模式。本研究结果为以提高小麦籽粒蛋白质产量为目标的水分管理优化提供了理论依据。

In order to investigate effect of water managements after jointing on nitrogen uptake and utilization characteristics and protein yield in winter wheat, AK58 was selected as material, which was planted under rain-proof shelter conditions from 2013 to 2015. Three water treatments, including persistent drought （soil water content of 45%-55% field capacity） from jointing to maturity （W1）, suitable water supply （soil water content of 70%-80% field capacity） from jointing to booting ＋ drought （soil water content of 45%-55% field capacity） from anthesis to maturity （W2） and persistent suitable water supply （soil water content was 70%-80% field capacity） from jointing to maturity （W3）, were conducted on the basis of seeding at sufficient soil moisture and security overwintering. Under the three treatments, the differences of transport properties of accumulated nitrogen, utilization efficiency, grain yield and protein yield in winter wheat were measured. The results indicated that the accumulation, translocation and utilization of N and grain N uptake in winter wheat cultivar AK58 were significantly affected by different water managements after jointing, and the similar patterns appeared in the two growing seasons. In terms of average, the plant N uptake at maturity, post-anthesis N accumulation amount and its transaction efficiency of AK58 were significantly improved with the W2. Meanwhile, compared with the W1 and W3, the transaction amount and its transaction efficiency of pre-anthesis stored N with the W2 were increased by 12.0% and 21.9%, 2.6% and 21.6%, respectively, and then the N uptake in grain at maturity and its partitioning rate of grain to plant were significantly enhanced. Compared with the W1, the nitrogen uptake efficiency, grain yield and protein yield with the W2 increased by 19.2%, 21.8% and 16.9%, respectively. Moreover, the protein yield with the W2 increased by 3.1% compared with W3. Given consideration to the grain yield, protein content and protein yield, the optimum water management of water saving and high yield, efficiency and quality for AK58 was keeping the soil water content at 70%-80% field capacity from jointing to booting stage and then 45%-55% from anthesis to maturity. The results provided valuable reference for improving the water management practice based on enhancing protein yield of winter wheat.