美国华人文艺团体及其功能探析——以粤剧社和华人合唱团为例

Analysis of American Chinese Artistic Organizations and their Functions——A Case Study of Cantonese Opera and Chinese Choir

华人文艺团体在美国的建立和发展,是中国移民在美国构筑和维系族群文化生活及娱乐天地的集中体现。早期来自广东珠江三角洲的华人移民自踏上美国国土,就搭起具有广府乡土特色的粤剧戏台,并组建起粤剧社自娱自乐。一直到20世纪上半叶,粤剧社都是美国华人社区的主要文艺团体,有不少一直到今天仍然存在。1960年代中期之后,由于美国新移民法的通过实施,中国大陆改革开放及中美建交一系列因素的推动,中国大陆、港澳台地区赴美华人移民数量迅猛增长,其中有不少是文艺人才。以他们为主导,更具现代气息的各类华人文艺团体纷纷成立,其中具有大众普及特色的就是数量众多的合唱团。这些华人文艺团体发挥着传承中华民族传统文化,构筑族群文化空间,凝聚美国华社群的重要作用;同时它们与祖籍国同行密切往来,构建起跨国界的文化共同体。它们不仅在美国土生华裔青少年中间传延文化星星之火,而且积极向当地社会展现中华音乐,搭建起跨文化交流和沟通的桥梁。

The establishment and development of Chineseart organization in the United States reflected that Chinese immigrants have been building and maintaining their cultural lives and entertainment. The early Chinese immigrants from Guangdong Pearl River Delta established Cantonese opera simple theaters as well as amateur Cantonese Music Clubsas soon as they set foot on the U.S. Land. The Cantonese Music Clubs were the major music organizations in Chinese communities until mid 20th century. Quite a number of them are still keeping on today. After mid-1960s, more and more Chinese immigrants from China Mainland, Taiwan, HongKong and other places came to the U.S due to the enactment of the new 1965 Immigrating Law, the China＇s Reform and Opening Policy, and the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and U.S. Among these new Chinese immigrants, there were not a few professional music talents. Under their promotion, a lot of new modern Chinese music organizations have been set up, the majority of them were Chinese Chorus. These Chinese music organizations have been playing a significant role in inheriting traditional Chinese culture, establishing ethnic cultural space and uniting Chinese community. They also maintain close exchange with music groups of China, thus building up a transnational cul- tural community. They not only pass down Chinese culture among the American born Chinese youth, but also con- struct a tans-cultural bridge between China and U.S by performing Chinese music for the non-Chinese audience.