水源涵养型重点生态功能区生态状况变化研究

Ecological Status Changes of Water Conservation Key Ecological Function Areas in China

水源涵养型重点生态功能区对于保护中国大江大河源头区及水源补给区具有重要意义。文章以生态系统状况指数为指标,通过生态系统组成与结构、生态系统生产能力、生态系统服务功能分析了2000-2010年中国水源涵养型重点生态功能区的生态状况变化态势。结果表明水源涵养型重点生态功能区以森林和草地生态系统为主。2000-2010年,三江源区和若尔盖区生态系统状况整体表现为好转,甘南区、祁连山区和南岭山地区生态系统状况整体表现为基本稳定大小兴安岭区、长白山区和阿尔泰山地区生态系统状况整体表现为轻度退化。大小兴安岭区退化面积占该区面积的比例最大,为42.54%;三江源区和祁连山区退化面积比例较小,分别为6.26%和6.93%。大小兴安岭区、长白山区和南岭山地区以轻度和中度退化为主,阿尔泰山地区以中度和重度退化为主,甘南区以轻度退化为主。

The water conservation key ecological function areas of China have great significance on the protection of river source areas and water supply areas.This paper analyzed ecological status changes of water conservation key ecological function areas during 2000 and 2010,with the first class indicator of ecological index;second class indicators of ecosystem composition and structure,ecosystem production capacity,ecosystem service.Results indicated that forestland and grassland were the main ecosystems in water conservation key ecological function areas.Ecological status of Sanjiangyuan area and Ruoergai area were overall changing better.Ecological status of Gannan area,Qilian Mountain area and Nanling Mountain area were overall remain stable.Ecological status of Greater and Lesser Higgnan Mountain area,Changbai Mountain area and Altai Mountain area were slight degraded.Degradation area proportion of Greater and Lesser Higgnan Mountain area was the highest,with the amount of 42.54%;while the proportion in Sanjiangyuan area and Qilian Mountain area were lesser,with the amount of 6.26%and 6.93%,respectively.Degradation degree in Greater and Lesser Higgnan Mountain area,Changbai Mountain area and Nanling Mountain area were mainly mild and moderate.Degradation degree in Altai Mountain area was mainly moderate and severe.Degradation degree in Gannan area was mainly mild.