理想理论与非理想理论之争——以罗尔斯的规范理论为中心

On the Competition between Ideal Theory and Nonideal Theory --Based on the Elaboration of John Rawls＇s Normative Theory

政治理论能不能影响政治实践的问题，背后隐藏的是对理论的性质的追问。不同类型的理论有着不同的实践品质。罗尔斯主张规范理论可以被区分为理想理论和非理想理论。两者在服从程度、社会情境和作用三个方面存在不同。但理想理论与非理想理论不是竞争性的、建构政治理论的两种二元化进路。对理想理论与非理想理论区别的论述还可以得出，理想理论不会也不应当对现实世界的政治实践提出对策性、应用性的答案。在实用主义取向占据支配地位的政治学领域和法学领域．研习理想理论有着极重要的意义。

Whether Political Theory can or should lead Political Practice is a question that imply the questing of the nature of theorizing and Theory. There are different types of Political Theory which have different normative forces on practice. John Rawls famously divided Normativ~ Theory into Ideal and Nonideal Theory. According to Rawls, these two kinds of Normative Political Theory differ in at least three aspects. We should avoid treating Ideal and Nonideal theories as rival approaches to Political Theoryl Conclusion can be reached from the reconstruction of the Difference Thesis that Ideal Theory can not and should not aim at producing solutions to actual political practice and problems. Besides that, it＇s a significant thing to devote oneself to Ideal Theory in the studies of Politics and Law where the dominating approaches always belong to pragmatism.