论我国农村土地制度变革及其立法完善

On Change and Legislation about Chinese Rural Land

我国农村土地权利立法存在城乡土地二元结构，集体所有权不仅虚化严重，而且与国家土地所有权不平等；土地承包经营权、宅基地使用权、建设用地使用权、地役权等用益物权存在物权化不彻底，流转性缺乏或受限，过于强调社会性和政治性功能，而忽视经济性功能等弊端。建议借鉴俄罗斯、匈牙利等国的相关土地立法的经验，坚持土地公有制的前提下。集体土地所有权与国家所有权平等保护，平等入市，对用益物权进行彻底物权化改造．突出其对世性、绝对性、长期性和法定性，使之规范而高效，力求增加农民的财产性权利。

Legislation of the existence of urban and rural land is dual structure, Collective ownership not only blurs seriously, and compared with the national land ownership is inequal; while land contract and management rights provisions of property law, land use right, construction land use rights, easements such as the right of usufruct property does not exist completely, or restrict or be lack of the circulation. We play too much emphasis on its social and political functions, while ignoring its economic function etc.. The relevant legislative should be learn from Russian, Under public ownership we persist premise of collective land ownership and state ownership in equal protection and equal marketing for property usufruct thorough transformation, highlighting the world of its absolute nature, long-term and legal nature, so that these, rights, can be standardized and efficient, and we strive to increase farmers＇ property rights.